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Lab Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the magnifications of a compound microscope?

A

40, 100, 400, 1000

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2
Q

How do you find the volume of a Coccus cell?

A

4/3pir^3

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3
Q

How do you find the volume of a Bacillus cell?

A

pir^2h

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4
Q

Which is nucleated; frog blood or human blood?

A

frog blood

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5
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not have?

A

cell walls and vacuoles

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6
Q

What are the 3 bacteria cell shapes?

A

Bacillus, Coccus and spirillium

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7
Q

What is pH?

A

Concentration of Protons/Hydronium ions in solution (H+/H3O+) ranges from 0-14

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8
Q

What is pOH?

A

The concentration of Hydroxide ions in solution

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9
Q

What does pH + pOH =?

A

14.0

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10
Q

What is waters pH usually?

A

Typically around 7

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11
Q

What are buffers?

A

Buffers are typically a mixture of a weak acid and a conjugate base that prevents drastic change in pH of solution. It neutralizes both acid and base

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12
Q

What is a peptide?

A

Amino acid monomer

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13
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

a peptide composed of 2 amino acid monomers

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14
Q

What is a polypeptide

?

A

A peptide composed of multiple amino acid monomers

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15
Q

What is BSA?

A

Bovine Serum Albumin- protein standard

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16
Q

What does Biuret Reagent react with?

A

amino groups, specifically peptide bonds

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17
Q

What does Biuret Reagent change?

A

the wavelength of light. The color changes to pink or yellow as the result of a positive test

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18
Q

What does the standard curve for the biuret reagent predict?

A

because it is linear it is a good predictor for different protein concentrations

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19
Q

What are the prefixes for the metric system high to low?

A

Mega-kilo-deci-centi-milli-micro-nano-pico-femto

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20
Q

How do you convert F to C?

A

C= 5/9 (F-32)

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21
Q

How do you convert C to F?

A

F= 9/5C + 32

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22
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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23
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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24
Q

What does hydrophillic mean?

A

water loving

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25
What does hydrophobic mean?
Water hating
26
What does amphipathic mean?
Water loving and hating
27
What are the purines?
A and G (2 rings)
28
What are the pyrimidines?
T, C, and U (1 ring)
29
What does meat tenderizer do?
it breaks up the cell membrane to gain access to the DNA in the nucleus
30
What is the DNA absorbance equation?
A260/A280 = P
31
What do methyl groups do in regards of DNA?
They restrict DNA so that the restrictive strain is not cleaved by its own DNA
32
What is the charge of DNA?
It is negatively charged due to phosphate ions and moves towards a positive cathode
33
What is agarose gel made out of?
GELSTAR
34
What is a redox reaction?
Oxidation-Reduction reaction
35
What is an oxidation reaction?
loss of electrons
36
What is a reduction reaction?
gain of electrons?
37
What happens when you heat enzymes too much?
You can denature them changing the absorbance profile
38
What are carbohydrates?
polymers of sugars
39
What does fermentation produce?
CO2 and alcohol (ethanol)
40
What is the general equation of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 12H2O + radiant energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
41
What happens in light dependent reactions?
The capture of light energy and the production of NADPH and ATP
42
What happens in light independent reactions?
Carbon fixation
43
What is the most soluble?
Carotene
44
What is the least soluble?
Chlorophyll B
45
What does Phenol Red do?
It is used to measure pH in water of elodea/plants | a positive test turns water pink
46
What does observed color of pigments mean?
light/wavelength that is not absorbed
47
Do potatoes have more starch or turnips?
Potatoes
48
What is diffusion?
the process by which molecules move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
49
What does the weight have to do with diffusion?
The lighter it is the faster the rate of diffusion
50
Where does diffusion occur most rapidly?
in less dense media and in higher temperatures
51
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water over a membrane
52
What is hypotonicity?
a solution with a higher concentration of solute
53
What id hypertonicity?
A solution with a lower concentration of solute
54
What is isotonicity?
A solution with an equal concentration of solute
55
What happens when Benedicts reagent is oxidized?
the color changes from blue to orange/red
56
What is brownian motion?
The random motion of particles suspended in fluid or gas
57
What is stochastic process?
random probability distribution or pattern that can be organized statistically but not predicted precisely
58
What is the path of blood as it flows through the cardiovascular system of a fetal pig?
blood leaves the heart through the aorta goes out to the body and returns though the vena cava then the right atrium, right ventricle then it goes to the lungs via the pulmanary artery returns via the pulmonary vein to the left atrium then the left ventricle then it exits the heart through the aorta.
59
What is a phenotype?
an observed genetic trait
60
what is a genotype?
specific genes carried by an individual or cell
61
What happens with a monohybrid cross?
they only cross 1 trait
62
What happens with a dihybrid cross?
it is used to cross 2 traits
63
What is Mendel's first law?
The two members of a gene pair (alleles) segregate (separate) from each other in the formation of gametes. Half the gametes carry one allele, and the other half carry the other allele.
64
What is Mendel's second law?
Genes for different traits assort independently of one another in the formation of gametes.
65
What color has more energy?
blue
66
Does UV or Visible light have more energy?
UV

Biology Lab (1 decks)

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