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Farm Animal Nursing > Lab Final > Flashcards

Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q
A
  • electric iron dehorner
  • destroys the horn-producing skin at the base of the horn; best for calves up to 12 weeks old
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2
Q
A
  • tube calf dehorner
  • function: the tube is placed over the horn and rotated to isolate the horn skin, the tube edge is then used as a gouge to remove the horn, a hole in the side of the tube permits the debris to be removed; for use in calves up to 2 to 3 months of age.
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3
Q
A
  • barnes dehorner
  • function: opening the handles forces the cutting edges together, slicing through the skin and under the horn
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4
Q
A
  • keystone dehorner
  • function: two handles that move a blade downward against a plate or another blade, slicing through the base of the horn and surrounding skin; can be used in older cattle with large horns
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5
Q
A
  • caustic paste
  • function: when applied to the horn bud, the paste causes a chemical burn that destroys horn-producing cells
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6
Q
A
  • hand saw
  • function: used to remove the horn along with a ½-inch ring of skin around the horn base; can be used on older cattle with large horns
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7
Q
A
  • emasculator
  • function: used for severing the spermatic cord during surgical castration, the rough surface behind the blade crimps the spermatic cord to minimize bleeding when the blade cuts
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8
Q
A
  • elastrator
  • function: used to stretch the rubber band while the band is positioned around the neck of the scrotum above the testes; bloodless castration
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9
Q
A
  • burdizzo aka emasculatome
  • function: used to crush the spermatic cord of the testes while still inside the scrotum; bloodless castration
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10
Q
A
  • newberry knife
  • function: used for slide slit scrutm technique in castration
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11
Q
A
  • electric tail docker
  • function: cuts and cauterizes tails
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12
Q
A
  • ear notchers (small and large)
  • function: helps to identify pigs litter and number
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13
Q
A
  • needle tooth nippers
  • function: clips needle teeth of piglets
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14
Q
A
  • tattoo applicator
  • functions: identification
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15
Q
A
  • weaning devices
  • function: to stop bovine calves from suckling
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16
Q
A
  • milking hobbles
  • function: prevent cow from moving legs while standing
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17
Q
A
  • trocar and cannula
  • functions: used to relieve bloating; complete with cannula, a hollow tube which remains when trocar is withdrawn to allow gas to escape; may also be used for nose rings
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18
Q
A
  • obstetrical chain and handle
  • function- provides a good grip on the calf without injury when used in difficult calving situations
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19
Q
A
  • fetotomy knife
  • function: used to dissect a dead fetus during a fetotomy
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20
Q
A
  • frick speculum
  • function: used to relieve bloating in immobilized ruminant animals
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21
Q
A
  • balling gun
  • function: used for the oral administration of capsules and boluses (large pill)
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22
Q
A
  • dose syringe
  • function: to administor liquid medication such as dewormer to large animals
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23
Q
A
  • pig and lamb resuscitator
  • function: place cylinder-shaped plastic mask over face, making sure the head is pulled back so that air passages are open to deliver air to the non-breathing animal
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24
Q
A
  • lamb and pig puller
  • function: aids in the delivery of lambs and piglets
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25
Q
A
  • obstetrical snare
  • function: for aid in delivering piglets
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26
Q
A
  • equine standing hobbles
  • function: prevent kicking and pawing of horses
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27
Q
A
  • breeding hobbles
  • function: provide safe and humane restraint for the equine mare during breeding
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28
Q
A
  • chain nose twitch
  • function: to control a horse
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29
Q
A
  • humane nose twitch
  • function: to control a horse
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30
Q
A
  • hoof tester
  • function: used to determine the location of a painful area in the foot of a lame horse
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31
Q
A
  • mcpherson mouth speculum
  • function: safely holds an animal’s mouth open and immobilized for extensive work while performing surgery, floating, or other oral dentition-related problems
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32
Q
A
  • dental floats
  • function: used to file down equine premolars and molars
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33
Q
A
  • cribbing collar
  • function: to prevent horses from cribbing
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34
Q
A
  • oral speculum
  • function: to hold the mouth open of a small ruminant
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35
Q
A
  • nose tongs
  • function: to provide control of cattle
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36
Q

normal equine pulse rate

A

adults - 32-44

young - 70-80

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37
Q

normal porcine pulse rate

A

adult - 60-80

young - 100-130

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38
Q

normal bovine pulse rate

A

adults - 40-80

young - 100-120

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39
Q

normal ovine pulse rate

A

70-80

40
Q

normal caprine pulse rate

A

70-80

41
Q

normal equine respiration rate

A

8-16

42
Q

normal porcine respiration rate

A

8-13

43
Q

normal bovine respiration rate

A

10-30

44
Q

normal ovine respiration rate

A

12-20

45
Q

normal caprine respiration rate

A

12-20

46
Q

normal equine body temperature

A

100.5

range of 99.0-100.8

47
Q

normal porcine body temperature

A

101.0

range 100.0-102.0

48
Q

normal bovine body temperature

A

101.5

range 100.4-102.8

49
Q

normal ovine body temperature

A

102.3

range 100.9-103.8

50
Q

normal caprine body temperature

A

103.8

range 101.7-105.3

51
Q

listening for ruminations

A

listen for 2 full minutes to the mid left paralumbar fossa

52
Q

where can the pulse be felt?

A
  • the femoral artery which is the medail aspect of the thigh between the udder and the hind leg
  • tail artery, lift up the tail and place 4 fingers in the groove of the tail’s ventral aspect
53
Q

how long is a standing heat in a ewe?

A

20-42 hours with 30 being the average

54
Q

how much bacteria is ok for milk to have pre-pasterization?

A

up to 100,000 bacteria per ml

55
Q

how much bacteria can milk have present in it post pasteurization?

A

20,000 bacteria per ml to be deemed drinkable

56
Q

how much e. coli can be present pre and post pasturization?

A

100 bacteria pre and only 10 post

57
Q

what are some symptoms showing that a horse may need their teeth floated?

A
  • dropping food
  • whole kernals of corn in the feces
  • head shaking/tilting
  • won’t accept the bit
  • laceration of the gingiva
  • inflammation of the oral cavity
  • halitosis
  • drooling
58
Q

what is a dental cup?

A

a depression in a tooth surrounded by central enamel

59
Q

what is the name of the nerve that innervates the horn?

A

the cornual nerve

60
Q

at what age does an equine have all of its permanent teeth in wear?

A

5 years of age

61
Q

what is the equine dental formula

A

2x ( I 3/3, C 0-1/0-1, PM 3-4/3, M 3/3)

62
Q

what is the purpose of floating the teethe of the equine?

A

removing and/or repairing any irregularities that may have developed to make it easier to chew their food

63
Q

what are equine dental caps?

A

deciduous teeth that have not been lost and sit on top of the permanent teeth, they can be removed with dental foreceps

64
Q

what are considered the equine cheek teeth?

A

the molars and pre molars

65
Q

what is the instrument that holds the oral cavity open while floating a horse’s teeth?

A

oral speculum

66
Q

which shaped dental float is used to remove dental points on the upper arcade?

A

straight float

67
Q

which shaped dental float is used to remove dental points on the lower dental archade?

A

angled float

68
Q

types of equine tail wraps

A

tail, medicated, therapeutic, protective, polo

69
Q

a disease in horses that lack exercise

A

String halt - upward patella fixation

70
Q

what bone is the most prone to fractures in equines

A

metacarpal bone #2, treatment is to remove

71
Q

factors that effect a radiograph

A

mA, S, kvp, d

72
Q

what is mA

A

milliamps; the density/quantity of electrons

73
Q

what is the S

A

seconds that the image is exposed

74
Q

what is kvp

A

the kilovoltage potential, this has the greatest influence on an x-ray

75
Q

what is the d?

A

the distance from the subect, usually about 40 inches, about 3 ft

76
Q

density equals what

A

the degree of blackness, the higher the ma, the darker the image

77
Q

what is the collimeter

A

it focuses the image

78
Q

which beam takes the picture?

A

the primary beam, the seconday beam is what we protect ourselves against

79
Q

what will more mA give you?

A

more details and density

80
Q

what else does the kilovoltage mean?

A

the power penetrating ability, the contrast and shades of gray

81
Q

what do you do if an image is too light?

A

you have to increase the kvp

82
Q

what do you do if the image is too dark?

A

decrease something

83
Q

what colors of what are seen on xrays?

A

air is black

fat is dark gray

soft tissue is light gray

bone is white

metal is whitest

84
Q

how many thoracic vertebrea and ribs do horses have?

A

18

85
Q

what does it mean if you hear high pitched sounds?

A

gas or possible colic

86
Q

where do you take the pulse on a horse?

A

the maxillary or facial artery

87
Q

how high is a 1 day old chicks temperature?

A

102.0, by the 4th day it is between 105.0 and 107.0

88
Q

farm poultry chickens

A

galus domesticus

89
Q

ducks

A

ana domestica

90
Q

geese

A

anaser domesticus

91
Q

turkey

A

melegris gallopavo

92
Q

egg incubation times

A
  • chicken - 21 days
  • turkey/pekin duck - 28 days
  • goose - 28-30 days
  • mascuby duck - 35 days
  • ostrich - 42 days
  • emu - 56 days
93
Q

when does the dental star show up in equine teeth

A

in the central incisiors at 8 years of age, and at 9 years it is present in central incisors and intermedieate incisors

94
Q

how to age a horse’s teeth

A
  1. eruption of incisors, upper and lower, decidious and permanent
  2. flat surfaces of incisors
  3. the angle at which the jaw meets in the front
  4. shape of incisors
95
Q

at what age do the equine incisors erupt?

A

central - 6 days

intermediate - 6 weeks

lateral - 6 months

Farm Animal Nursing (2 decks)

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