Lab Final Study Guide

Question 1

Venipuncture

Answer 1

1. ) Needle size = 21 gauge, 1.5 inches long
2. ) Insert needle = Bevel up, 15 degree angle, toward shoulder
3. ) Hold cotton swab in place for 5 minutes

Question 2

CASE 1

Answer 2

PARASITE/ALLERGIC REACTION - LACTOSE INTOLERANT

• Upset stomach
• Milk makes it worse
• Has asthma and food allergies
• Increased eosinophils

Question 3

CASE 2

Answer 3

NEUTROPENIA/LEUKEMIA

• Coughing spells began 2 months ago
• Drinks heavily
• Upper and lower respiratory infections
• Decreased WBC count

Question 4

CASE 3

Answer 4

DEEP VEIN THROMBOPHLEBITIS/THROMBOCYTOSIS

• Calf pain began 2 days ago
• Radiates into popliteal fossa
• Many varicosities in both legs
• Increased platelets

Question 5

CASE 4

Answer 5

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSUS

• Extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat began 1 week ago
• Neck swollen
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Increased lymphocytes/LYMPHOCYTOSIS

Question 6

CASE 5

Answer 6

FOOD INFECTION - BACILLIS CEREUS (HAS FEVER), STAPH. PYOGENS (NO FEVER)

• Fever diarrhea began in the afternoon
• Ate sushi in tokyo
• Began vomiting on the flight
• Increased WBC/NEUTROPHILIA

Question 7

CASE 6

Answer 7

ALLERGIC REACTION TO POLLEN (CHRONIC INFECTION)

• Fever, headache, congestion began 4 months ago
• Increased WBC/EOSINOPHILIA

Question 8

CASE 7

Answer 8

VIRAL INFECTION/CHICKEN POX

• Fever, hacking cough, sore throat began 3 days ago
• Whole body aches
• Rash with small red papules, becomes itchy vesicles
• Increased WBC/LYMPHOCYTOPHILIA

Question 9

CASE 8

Answer 9

IRON DEFICIENT ANEMIA

• Constant fatigue began gradually over last few weeks
• Very heavy menses
• Odd food cravings
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count
• Mineral deficiency

Question 10

CASE 9

Answer 10

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

• Tiredness and lethargy
• Swelling of dorsum of hands and feet
• Began at birth
• Very quiet kid that sleeps a lot
• Maniscocyte (Sickle cells), nucleated RBCs, reticulocytes

Question 11

CASE 10

Answer 11

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

• Weakness, headache and light headedness began 3 months ago
• Smokes 2 packs cigarettes/day
• Has emphysema
• Frequently itchy and gets worse with a hot shower
• Increased hematocrit (polycythemia), hemoglobin, RBCs
• Decreased white blood cells

Question 12

CASE 11

Answer 12

APLASTIC ANEMIA

• Severe fatigue, weakness, rapid heartbeat with insidious onset over last 2 months
• Idiopathic seizures
• Been on anticonvulsant medication, just changed medications
• Decreased hatocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs and WBCs

Question 13

CASE 12

Answer 13

SPHEROCYTIC ANEMIA

• Chronic tiredness
• Radiates throughtout whole body
• Skin has slight yellow color
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs

Question 14

CASE 13

Answer 14

MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA/PERNICIOUS ANEMIA

• Intermitten diarrhea and constipation and abdominal pain began 3 weeks ago
• Very tired at the end of the day
• Vegan vegetarian
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin

Question 15

CASE 14

Answer 15

THALLASSEMIA ANEMIA/COOLEY’S ANEMIA/MEDITERRANEAN ANEMIA

• RIght scapular pain and abdominal pain began yesterday
• Profound fatigue and muscle weakness
• Lesions on legs that won’t heal
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs
• Nucleated RBCs, Target cells
• Increased basophils

Question 16

CASE 15

Answer 16

ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC ANEMIA

• Spontaneous nose bleeds, ftigue, pallor, and mild fever began 10 days ago
• 4 yoa
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs, Platelets
• Increased WBCs/LYMPHOCYTES

Question 17

CASE 16

Answer 17

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

• Fatigue, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, weight loss
• Insidious over the last 6 months
• 65 yoa
• Increased lymphocytes
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs

Question 18

CASE 17

Answer 18

ACUTE MYLOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

• Fatigue, weight loss, bruising, bone pain began 2 weeks ago
• Whole body fatigue and bruising, left ilium pain
• 60 yoa
• Decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBCs, platelets
• Increased WBCs

Question 19

CASE 18

Answer 19

CHRONIC MYLOCYTIC/GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

• Fatigue, neck pain and upper abdominal discomfort began last autumn
• Radiates to left arm
• Weight loss and lack of appetite
• Increased WBCs (Immature cells)/Eosinophils and basophils
• 30 yoa

Question 20

CASE 19

Answer 20

HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

• Neck pain, multiply lymph node swellings on the head
• Leg swelling, and lymph nodes swelling in the groin
• 37 yoa, been healthy and very active until recently
• Reed Sternberg cells
• Decreased RBCs
• Increased WBCs

Question 21

CASE 20

Answer 21

TTP-HUS/THROMBOTIC-THROMBOCYTOPEDIC-PUPORIC-HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME

• Stopped urinating in the last two days
• Lower dorsal pain
• Radiates bilateral between the flanks and groin
• Heart palpitations and bruising
• Burr cells, NO PLATELETS