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Lab Fundamentals Test #3 Review > LAB FUND TEST #3 Review > Flashcards

LAB FUND TEST #3 Review Flashcards

(64 cards)

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0
Q

LP - Lumbar Puncture

A

A needle is inserted between 2 vertebrae, CSF is withdrawn.

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1
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal/Cerebral Spinal Fluid
• protects brain & spinal cord
• carries nutrients to the cells & removes waste products

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2
Q

Meninges

A

The 3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

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4
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

AFFERENT Nerves: carry impulses TO the CNS from sensory receptors in various parts of the body.

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5
Q

Motor Nerves

A

EFFERENT Nerves: carry impulses FROM the CNS to the organs, glands, & muscles.

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6
Q

CVA

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident: caused by rupture or blockage of a blood vessel in he brain, depriving parts of the brain of its blood supply –> stroke

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7
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar (glucose): used to screen for diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

RBS

A

Random blood sugar (glucose): may be collected at any time

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9
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test: series of timed blood glucose tests used to diagnose diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus: pancreas fails to produce insulin or insulin does not work properly –> patient has very high blood pressure, kidney attempts to lower high blood sugar level by excreting excess sugar in urine.

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11
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: sever lack of insulin, glucose accumulates in blood –> hyperglycemia & glycosuria (glucose cannot enter cells, fats & proteins broken down to provide energy for the body)

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12
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone: regulates the adrenal glands (Pituitary Gland)

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13
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone:
1) development of ova in females
2) sperm in males
(Pituitary Gland)

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14
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone: controls water re-absorption in kidneys

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15
Q

PV

A

Post Vasectomy: semen analyzed for the presence/absence of sperm (#/count, motility, morphology)

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16
Q

bHCG

A

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

  • pregnancy test (females)
  • test for tumour (males)
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17
Q

-gravida

A

pregnancy

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18
Q

-partum

A

childbirth

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19
Q

Cr

A

Creatinine: product of decomposition of phosphocreatine (common kidney function test).

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20
Q

CrCl

A

Creatinine Clearance: amount of creatinine in a 24 hour urine sample compared to amount of creatinine in blood, blood sample should be taken within 48 hours of 24 hour urine collection.

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21
Q

BUN

A

Blood, urea (waste product of protein metabolism), nitrogen –> common kidney function test.

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22
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

1) Communication between body functions
2) Control of body functions
3) Integration of body functions
4) Recognition of sensory stimuli

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23
Q

Endocrine System

A

Consists of ductless glands which secrete hormones into the blood stream to control the body’s processes. Hormones:

(1) Communicate (2) Regulate (3) Control
(4) Maintain homeostasis

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24
Q

K+/Na-

A

Potassium (intracellular) high INSIDE cell.

Sodium (extracellular) high OUTSIDE cell.

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25
4 FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
* *1) CLEAN the blood of waste products & EXCRETE them from body** 2) Balancing pH 3) Maintaining healthy electrolyte balance 4) Regulating water balance in body
26
3 STAGES OF URINE PRODUCTION
1) Filtration 2) Reabsorption 3) Secretion
27
ALT, AST, ALB, BILI, 5'-NT
Alanine Aminotransferase Aspartate Aminotransferase/Transaminase Albumin, Bilirubin, 5'-nucleotidase [Liver function tests]
28
TP / pro
Test for protein / abbreviation
29
OB
Occult blood: test for "hidden blood' in the stool (screens for colon cancer).
30
O&P
Ova & parasites: tests for presence of parasites or eggs of parasites.
31
72 Hour Stool Collection
Test for fecal fat (fat malabsorption conditions)
32
4 PROCESSES OF DIGESTION
1) Ingestion 2) Digestions 3) Absorption 4) Excretion (Defecation)
33
ABG
Arterial blood gases: set of tests to analyze gases present in arterial blood.
34
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe (bronchitis, emphysema, asthma).
35
FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
To supply oxygen to all cells and to remove carbon dioxide (waste product) from cells.
36
Ig
Immunoglobulin: identifies Ab according to size & shape [IgM - 1st Ab to respond, IgA - guards portals of entry, IgD - unknown, IgG - long-term protection, IgE - allergic responses/parasitic infections)
37
Ab
Antibody: protein molecule produced in response to antigen.
38
Ag
Antigen: any foreign substance, will trigger production of antibodies.
39
Active Immunity
When person develops own abs (long lasting). [Natural: cold / Artificial: vaccines]
40
Passive Immunity
Person receives antibodies (temporary). | [Natural: breast milk / Artificial: anti-serum]
41
4 FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
1) Processes lymphocytes 2) Protects body by removing impurities 3) Returns lymph back to blood stream 4) Transports fats, absorbed in sm. intestine, to blood stream
42
Thrombocytopenia
Disorder in which # of platelets greatly reduced (chronic bleeding through small vessels & capillaries).
43
4 STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS
Body's mechanism to prevent loss of blood. 1) Constriction of blood vessel 2) Formation of platelet plug 3) Formation of blood clot 4) Fibrinolysis (dissolution of clot)
44
WBC
White blood cell count (# of WBC's present in given volume of whole blood).
45
5 TYPES OF WBCs (most to least)
1) Neutrophils (bacterial infections) 2) Lymphocytes (viral infections) 3) Monocytes (ingest bacteria & dispose of dead matter) 4) Eosinophils (antihistamines, stop allergic symptoms) 5) Basophils (histamines, intensify inflammatory response)
46
Plasma vs. Serum
Plasma: contains clotting factors Serum: results after clotting occurs, NO clotting factors
47
TIBC
Total Iron Binding Capacity (Fe - iron, Ferritin, Transferrin).
48
MS
Multiple Sclerosis: chronic disease that damages the nerves in the spinal cord & brain.
49
4 FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1) Aids in organ function & blood circulation 2) Maintains posture 3) Moves the body 4) Produces heat (muscle cell metabolism)
50
Ca, PO4, Mg
Calcium, phosphorous, & magnesium (tests for bone density).
51
C+S
Culture & Sensitivity: bacteria grown, identified, & its sensitivity to antibiotics determined in microbiology dept. (swabs, cells, tissues, urine)
52
4 FUNCTIONS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
1) Protection 2) Reception of environmental stimuli 3) Regulation of body temperature 4) Secretion of fluids
53
Electrolytes (LYTES)
Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-)
54
Metric/International (SI) System
``` Distance - metre (m) Volume - litre (L) Mass - gram (g) Time - second, minute, day, hour (s or sec, min, d, h) Temperature - degrees Celsius (C) ```
54
Body Organization
Chemical Level --> Cellular Level --> Tissue Level --> Organ Level --> Organ System Level --> Organism Level
55
Metric System Prefixes
``` kilo - 1,000 (k) deci - 0.1 / 10^-1 (d) centi - 0.01 / 10^-2 (c) milli - 0.001 / 10^-3 (m) micro - 10^-6 (u/mc) nano - 10^-9 ```
56
Centrifuge
Instrument that spins tubes at high speeds to separate suspended particles from a liquid. (size, weight, volume - diametrically opposed/mirror image/across center)
57
Autoclave
Instrument of sterilization which uses moist heat. | 121 C / 15psi / 30min
58
Volumetric Labware
Made to contain exact amounts (more accurate).
59
TD "to deliver"
These pipettes do not need to be rinsed to dispense desired amount of fluid (allowed to drain by gravity).
60
TC "to contain"
Interior must be rinsed with diluent to obtain entire volume of fluid.
61
Etched Line
Indicates that the last drop of fluid must be expelled from pipette after draining (serological).
62
Solute vs. Solvent
Substance that is dissolved in solution. (ex. salt) | Liquid in which substances dissolve. (ex. water)
63
Quantitative Transfer
(1) clean, dry funnel in volumetric flask (2) transfer chemical in measuring vessel into funnel (3) wash chemical into flask with solvent (4) rinse measuring vessel 3-5 times with solvent (5) dissolve chemical in flask by swirling, shaking, or heating (6) add solvent to about 2 cm below calibration line (bottom of meniscus must be eye level to mark) (7) add stopper to flask & invert at least 20 times (8) transfer prepared reagent to labeled reagent bottle for storage

Lab Fundamentals Test #3 Review (1 decks)

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