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Lab Fundamentals Test #3 Review > LAB FUND TEST #3 Review > Flashcards

LAB FUND TEST #3 Review Flashcards

0
Q

LP - Lumbar Puncture

A

A needle is inserted between 2 vertebrae, CSF is withdrawn.

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1
Q

CSF

A

Cerebrospinal/Cerebral Spinal Fluid
• protects brain & spinal cord
• carries nutrients to the cells & removes waste products

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2
Q

Meninges

A

The 3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

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4
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

AFFERENT Nerves: carry impulses TO the CNS from sensory receptors in various parts of the body.

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5
Q

Motor Nerves

A

EFFERENT Nerves: carry impulses FROM the CNS to the organs, glands, & muscles.

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6
Q

CVA

A

Cerebral Vascular Accident: caused by rupture or blockage of a blood vessel in he brain, depriving parts of the brain of its blood supply –> stroke

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7
Q

FBS

A

Fasting blood sugar (glucose): used to screen for diabetes mellitus

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8
Q

RBS

A

Random blood sugar (glucose): may be collected at any time

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9
Q

GTT

A

Glucose tolerance test: series of timed blood glucose tests used to diagnose diabetes mellitus

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10
Q

DM

A

Diabetes mellitus: pancreas fails to produce insulin or insulin does not work properly –> patient has very high blood pressure, kidney attempts to lower high blood sugar level by excreting excess sugar in urine.

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11
Q

DKA

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis: sever lack of insulin, glucose accumulates in blood –> hyperglycemia & glycosuria (glucose cannot enter cells, fats & proteins broken down to provide energy for the body)

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12
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone: regulates the adrenal glands (Pituitary Gland)

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13
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone:
1) development of ova in females
2) sperm in males
(Pituitary Gland)

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14
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone: controls water re-absorption in kidneys

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15
Q

PV

A

Post Vasectomy: semen analyzed for the presence/absence of sperm (#/count, motility, morphology)

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16
Q

bHCG

A

Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

  • pregnancy test (females)
  • test for tumour (males)
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17
Q

-gravida

A

pregnancy

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18
Q

-partum

A

childbirth

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19
Q

Cr

A

Creatinine: product of decomposition of phosphocreatine (common kidney function test).

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20
Q

CrCl

A

Creatinine Clearance: amount of creatinine in a 24 hour urine sample compared to amount of creatinine in blood, blood sample should be taken within 48 hours of 24 hour urine collection.

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21
Q

BUN

A

Blood, urea (waste product of protein metabolism), nitrogen –> common kidney function test.

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22
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A

1) Communication between body functions
2) Control of body functions
3) Integration of body functions
4) Recognition of sensory stimuli

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23
Q

Endocrine System

A

Consists of ductless glands which secrete hormones into the blood stream to control the body’s processes. Hormones:

(1) Communicate (2) Regulate (3) Control
(4) Maintain homeostasis

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24
Q

K+/Na-

A

Potassium (intracellular) high INSIDE cell.

Sodium (extracellular) high OUTSIDE cell.

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25
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

A
  • *1) CLEAN the blood of waste products & EXCRETE them from body**
    2) Balancing pH
    3) Maintaining healthy electrolyte balance
    4) Regulating water balance in body
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26
Q

3 STAGES OF URINE PRODUCTION

A

1) Filtration
2) Reabsorption
3) Secretion

27
Q

ALT, AST, ALB, BILI, 5’-NT

A

Alanine Aminotransferase
Aspartate Aminotransferase/Transaminase
Albumin, Bilirubin, 5’-nucleotidase
[Liver function tests]

28
Q

TP / pro

A

Test for protein / abbreviation

29
Q

OB

A

Occult blood: test for “hidden blood’ in the stool (screens for colon cancer).

30
Q

O&P

A

Ova & parasites: tests for presence of parasites or eggs of parasites.

31
Q

72 Hour Stool Collection

A

Test for fecal fat (fat malabsorption conditions)

32
Q

4 PROCESSES OF DIGESTION

A

1) Ingestion
2) Digestions
3) Absorption
4) Excretion (Defecation)

33
Q

ABG

A

Arterial blood gases: set of tests to analyze gases present in arterial blood.

34
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe (bronchitis, emphysema, asthma).

35
Q

FUNCTION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

To supply oxygen to all cells and to remove carbon dioxide (waste product) from cells.

36
Q

Ig

A

Immunoglobulin: identifies Ab according to size & shape [IgM - 1st Ab to respond, IgA - guards portals of entry, IgD - unknown, IgG - long-term protection, IgE - allergic responses/parasitic infections)

37
Q

Ab

A

Antibody: protein molecule produced in response to antigen.

38
Q

Ag

A

Antigen: any foreign substance, will trigger production of antibodies.

39
Q

Active Immunity

A

When person develops own abs (long lasting). [Natural: cold / Artificial: vaccines]

40
Q

Passive Immunity

A

Person receives antibodies (temporary).

[Natural: breast milk / Artificial: anti-serum]

41
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

A

1) Processes lymphocytes
2) Protects body by removing impurities
3) Returns lymph back to blood stream
4) Transports fats, absorbed in sm. intestine, to blood stream

42
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Disorder in which # of platelets greatly reduced (chronic bleeding through small vessels & capillaries).

43
Q

4 STAGES OF HEMOSTASIS

A

Body’s mechanism to prevent loss of blood.

1) Constriction of blood vessel
2) Formation of platelet plug
3) Formation of blood clot
4) Fibrinolysis (dissolution of clot)

44
Q

WBC

A

White blood cell count (# of WBC’s present in given volume of whole blood).

45
Q

5 TYPES OF WBCs (most to least)

A

1) Neutrophils (bacterial infections)
2) Lymphocytes (viral infections)
3) Monocytes (ingest bacteria & dispose of dead matter)
4) Eosinophils (antihistamines, stop allergic symptoms)
5) Basophils (histamines, intensify inflammatory response)

46
Q

Plasma vs. Serum

A

Plasma: contains clotting factors
Serum: results after clotting occurs, NO clotting factors

47
Q

TIBC

A

Total Iron Binding Capacity (Fe - iron, Ferritin, Transferrin).

48
Q

MS

A

Multiple Sclerosis: chronic disease that damages the nerves in the spinal cord & brain.

49
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

1) Aids in organ function & blood circulation
2) Maintains posture
3) Moves the body
4) Produces heat (muscle cell metabolism)

50
Q

Ca, PO4, Mg

A

Calcium, phosphorous, & magnesium (tests for bone density).

51
Q

C+S

A

Culture & Sensitivity: bacteria grown, identified, & its sensitivity to antibiotics determined in microbiology dept. (swabs, cells, tissues, urine)

52
Q

4 FUNCTIONS OF INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

A

1) Protection
2) Reception of environmental stimuli
3) Regulation of body temperature
4) Secretion of fluids

53
Q

Electrolytes (LYTES)

A

Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Chloride (Cl-)

54
Q

Metric/International (SI) System

A 
Distance - metre (m)
Volume - litre (L)
Mass - gram (g)
Time - second, minute, day, hour (s or sec, min, d, h)
Temperature - degrees Celsius (C)
54
Q

Body Organization

A

Chemical Level –> Cellular Level –> Tissue Level –> Organ Level –> Organ System Level –> Organism Level

55
Q

Metric System Prefixes

A 
kilo - 1,000 (k)
deci - 0.1 / 10^-1 (d)
centi - 0.01 / 10^-2 (c)
milli - 0.001 / 10^-3 (m)
micro - 10^-6 (u/mc)
nano - 10^-9
56
Q

Centrifuge

A

Instrument that spins tubes at high speeds to separate suspended particles from a liquid. (size, weight, volume - diametrically opposed/mirror image/across center)

57
Q

Autoclave

A

Instrument of sterilization which uses moist heat.

121 C / 15psi / 30min

58
Q

Volumetric Labware

A

Made to contain exact amounts (more accurate).

59
Q

TD “to deliver”

A

These pipettes do not need to be rinsed to dispense desired amount of fluid (allowed to drain by gravity).

60
Q

TC “to contain”

A

Interior must be rinsed with diluent to obtain entire volume of fluid.

61
Q

Etched Line

A

Indicates that the last drop of fluid must be expelled from pipette after draining (serological).

62
Q

Solute vs. Solvent

A

Substance that is dissolved in solution. (ex. salt)

Liquid in which substances dissolve. (ex. water)

63
Q

Quantitative Transfer

A

(1) clean, dry funnel in volumetric flask (2) transfer chemical in measuring vessel into funnel (3) wash chemical into flask with solvent (4) rinse measuring vessel 3-5 times with solvent (5) dissolve chemical in flask by swirling, shaking, or heating (6) add solvent to about 2 cm below calibration line (bottom of meniscus must be eye level to mark) (7) add stopper to flask & invert at least 20 times (8) transfer prepared reagent to labeled reagent bottle for storage

Lab Fundamentals Test #3 Review (1 decks)

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