Lab: Gross Anatomy Of The Brain And Cranial Nerves

Question 1

3 major regions of the brain

Answer 1

Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 2

4 chambers of the brain

Answer 2

Ventricles

Question 3

Most superior portion of the brain

Answer 3

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 4

Elevated ridges of tissue

Answer 4

Gyri

Question 5

Shallow grooves

Answer 5

Sulci

Question 6

Deeper grooves

Answer 6

Fissures

Question 7

The region that contains the olfactory area in the temporal lobe along its medial surface

Answer 7

Uncus

Question 8

Specialized motor speech area

Answer 8

Broca’s area

Question 9

An area in which unfamiliar words are sounded out

Answer 9

Wernicke’s area

Question 10

The outmost gray matter of the cerebrum where cell bodies of cerebral neurons are found

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex

Question 11

Most superior portion of the brain stem; embryologically part of the forebrain

Answer 11

Diencephalon

Question 12

Where the fibers of the optic nerves partially cross over

Answer 12

Optic chiasma

Question 13

Means bridge; consists primarily of motor and sensory fiber tracts connecting the brain with the lower CNS centers

Answer 13

Pons

Question 14

Lowest brain stem region composed primarily of fiber tracts

Answer 14

Medulla oblongata

Question 15

Major commissure connecting the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 15

Corpus callosum

Question 16

A bandlike fiber tract concerned with olfaction as well as limbic system functions and the septum pellucidum

Answer 16

Fornix

Question 17

Separates the lateral ventricles of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 17

Septum pellucidum

Question 18

Consists of two large lobes of gray matter that laterally enclose the shallow third ventricle of the brain

Answer 18

Thalamus

Question 19

A tiny orifice connecting the third ventricle with the lateral ventricle on the same side

Answer 19

Interventricular foramen

Question 20

Makes up the floor and the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle; an important autonomic center involved in regulation of body temp, water balance, and fat and carbohydrate metabolism as well as in many other activities and drives (sex, hunger, thirst)

Answer 20

Hypothalamus

Question 21

A slender stalk on the anterior floor of the hypothalamus that holds the pituitary gland

Answer 21

Infundibulum

Question 22

Relay stations for olfaction, bulge exteriorly from the floor of the hypothalamus just posterior to the pituitary gland

Answer 22

Mammillary bodies

Question 23

Forms the roof of the third ventricle and is the most dorsal portion of the diencephalon

Answer 23

Epithalamus

Question 24

An important structure in the epithalamus that is a neuroendocrine structure

Answer 24

Pineal body (gland)

Question 25

An important structure of the epithalamus that is knotlike collections of capillaries within each ventricle, form the cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 25

Choroid plexus

Question 26

Part of the brain stem; A slender canal traveling through the midbrain; it connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle in the hindbrain below

Answer 26

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 27

The midline lobe that connects the 3 lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 27

Vermis

Question 28

The treelike branching of the cerebellar white matter; aka the tree of life

Answer 28

Arbor vitae

Question 29

Three connective tissue membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 29

Meninges

Question 30

The outermost meninx; leathery, double layered; attached to the inner surface of the skull and forms the outermost brain covering

Answer 30

Dura mater

Question 31

The middle meninx; weblike; underlies the dura mater

Answer 31

Arachnoid mater

Question 32

Innermost meninx; highly vascular and clings tenaciously to the surface of the brain

Answer 32

Pia mater

Question 33

Forms cerebrospinal fluid; small capillary knots hanging from the roof of the ventricles of the brain

Answer 33

Choroid plexuses

Question 34

The cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the two lateral ventricles into the third ventricle via the what?

Answer 34

Interventricular foramina

Question 35

Cranial nerve I

Answer 35

Olfactory- purely sensory; carries afferent impulses associated with sense of smell

Question 36

Cranial nerve II

Answer 36

Optic; purely sensory- carries afferent impulses associated with vision

Question 37

Cranial nerve III

Answer 37

Oculomotor; primarily motor- somatic motor fibers to inferior oblique and superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles, which direct eyeball, and to levator palpebrae muscles of the superior eyelid; parasympathetic fibers to iris and smooth muscle controlling lens shape

Question 38

Cranial nerve IV

Answer 38

Trochlear; primarily motor- provides somatic motor fibers to superior oblique muscle

Question 39

Cranial nerve V

Answer 39

Trigeminal; mixed- major sensory nerve of face

Question 40

Cranial nerve VI

Answer 40

Abducens; carries motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle of eye

Question 41

Cranial nerve VII

Answer 41

Facial; supplies somatic motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and parasympathetic motor fibers to lacrimal and salivary glands; carries sensory fibers from taste receptors of anterior portion of tongue

Question 42

Cranial nerve VIII

Answer 42

Vestibulocochlear; sense of equilibrium, cochlear branch transmits impulses associated with hearing from cochlea

Question 43

Cranial nerve IX

Answer 43

Glossopharyngeal; Pharyngeal muscles, salivary glands, sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx, tonsils, posterior tongue

Question 44

Cranial nerve X

Answer 44

Vagus; pharynx and larynx, heart and smooth muscles of the abdominal visceral organs

Question 45

Cranial nerve XI

Answer 45

Accessory; sternocleidomastiod and trapezius muscles and muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx

Question 46

Cranial nerve XII

Answer 46

Hypoglossal; carries somatic motor fibers to muscles of tongue