Lab Info

Question 1

the ciliary muscle and iris sphincter are supplied by what nerve fibers from what ganglion?

Answer 1

parasympathetic nerve fibers from ciliary ganglion

Question 2

the dilator muscle of the iris is supplied by what nerve fibers from what ganglion?

Answer 2

sympathetic nerve fibers from superior cervical ganglion

Question 3

mydriatics have what affect on accommodative amplitude

Answer 3

decrease because pupil can’t constrict and you lose depth of focus

Question 4

mydriatics have what affect on distance phoria

Answer 4

little to no change because of pinholes

Question 5

mydriatics have what affect on near phoria

Answer 5

little to no change because pinholes and ciliary muscle not changed

Question 6

mydriatics have what affect on NPC

Answer 6

no change or little receding change due to DOF

Question 7

cycloplegics have what affect on accommodative amplitude

Answer 7

decreased

variation based on iris color

Question 8

cycloplegics have what affect on distance phoria

Answer 8

no significant change because pinhole and no accommodation needed at distance

Question 9

cycloplegics have what affect on near phoria

Answer 9

should go more eso- trying to accommodate more

Question 10

cycloplegics have what affect on NPC

Answer 10

can’t see stimulus clear enough to fuse

Question 11

how is AC/A ratio calculated

Answer 11

AC/A= (15-d+n) / 2.5
eso is + value
exo is - value

Question 12

what test evaluates the quality of the tear film

Answer 12

TBUT

Question 13

how can TBUT change with artificial tears and anesthetics?

Answer 13

stayed the same or increased- so lower TBUT because faster time (because increased evaporation rate)

Question 14

what is evaluated with the Jones I and II tests?

Answer 14

drainage

Question 15

tears running onto the cheek (epiphora) may be caused by:

Answer 15

• hypersecretion

- insufficient drainage

Question 16

where is the blockage if the Jones II test shows dye and saline in nose

Answer 16

blockage in sac/duct

{(this assumption 78% accurate)

Question 17

where is the blockage if the Jones II test shows only saline in the nose

Answer 17

blockage in canaliculi or puncta (fluorescein didn’t reach sac)

Question 18

where is the blockage if the Jones II test shows nothing in the nose

Answer 18

complete obstruction of sac/duct

Question 19

Jones Test I is falsely positive (no dye discovered) in ___% of tests

Answer 19

22%

Question 20

the Schirmer I test measures the reflex and basic secretion of the ____ layer

Answer 20

aqueous

Question 21

norms for Schirmer I Test in 20s age group is

Answer 21

40-50 mm wetting

Question 22

what is considered a normal Schirmer test I values?

Answer 22

10 mm or more- normal and dry eye problem should not be based on aqueous production problems

Question 23

why is the basic secretion test used?

Answer 23

to isolate if defective secretion seen in Schirmer 1 is from the reflex lacrimal glands, accessory lacrimal glands, or both

Question 24

reduced tear volume causes what issues that the rose bengal tests for?

Answer 24

reduced tear volume causes a degeneration of corneal and conjunctival epithelium especially in the exposed interpalpebral aperture

Question 25

the diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (aqueous deficient dry eye) is positive when:

Answer 25

a characteristic triangular stippled staining of the temporal and nasal bulbar conjunctiva (base towards limbus) in the interpalpebral area and punctate staining of the inferior 2/3 of the cornea is observed

Question 26

what does the ophthalmometer/ keratometer measure and compute?

Answer 26

determines the radius of curvature of the cornea, from which the dioptric power is computed

Question 27

how does the ophthalmomometer/ keratometer neutralize the measuring problem caused by minute eye movements?

Answer 27

the image of the mire is doubled and minified

Question 28

main assumptions of the ophthalmometer/ keratometer

Answer 28

- spherical surfaces | - regular astigmatism

Question 29

how do you record findings on keratometry?

Answer 29

minus cylinder form with the axis of the weaker meridian

Question 30

is the cornea flatter or steeper in periphery?

Answer 30

steeper?

Question 31

the keratoscopic disc card is based on what imagery

Answer 31

they use the first Purkinje image formed by reflections from a small portion of the central corneal zone

Question 32

how would you use measurements from a photokeratoscopy image to record cylinder?

Answer 32

-long axis is the (-) cyl axis

Question 33

4 examples of how the sensitivity of the cornea is changed by local pathological processes

Answer 33

1. chemical injuries 2. corneal ulcers 3. glaucoma 4. herpetic keratitis

Question 34

average corneal diameter

Answer 34

11.5

Question 35

most important clinical factors in distinguishing different types of glaucoma

Answer 35

- drainage angle - visual field changes - optic disc appearance - intraocular pressure

Question 36

the water drink test is for what type of glaucoma?

Answer 36

open angle

Question 37

water drink test resulting in an increase of ___ mmHg IOP is suggestive of open-angle glaucoma suspect

Answer 37

8 mmHg

Question 38

what conclusions can be made for an abnormal dark room prone provocative test?

Answer 38

8 mmHg increase in pre- to post-testing suggestive of narrow angle glaucoma

Question 39

mydriasis test results can suggest:

Answer 39

an increase of 8 mmHg in an hour suggested an angle-closure mechanism

Question 40

the pressure increment when changing from the seated to supine position averaged ___ mmHg

Answer 40

2. 9 mmHg in normal eyes | 3. 9 mmHg in glaucomatous eyes

Question 41

how does IOP change with corticosteroid use differ in normal versus open angle glaucoma patients?

Answer 41

5% of general population sustains an elevation in IOP | 90% of pts with chronic open angle glaucoma sustained increased IOP

Question 42

a suggested theory on how the IOP increases in corticosteroid use is

Answer 42

mucopolysaccharides content of the trabecular meshwork might be altered with increased resistance to aqueous outflow