Lab Levels Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards
(18 cards)
Hyperkalemia & hypokalemia
Therapeutic range
Hyper- more than 5.1 mEq/L
Hypo- less than 3.5mEq/L
Therapeutic range:3.5-5.1mEq/L for potassium
Hypermagnesemia & hypomagnesemia
Therapeutic range
Hyper- more than 2.6mg/dL
Hypo-less than 1.6mg/dL
Therapeutic range: 1.6-2.6mg/dL for magnesium levels
Hypernatremia & hyponatremia
Therapeutic range
Hyper-more than 145mEq/L
Hypo- less than 135mEq/L
Therapeutic range: 135-145mEq/L for sodium levels
Hyperphosphatemia & hypophosphatemia
Therapeutic range
Hyper- more than 4.5mg/dL
Hypo- less than 2.7mg/dL
Therapeutic range: 2.7-4.5mg/dL for phosphorus levels
The normal osmolality of plasma
Is 280-294 mOsm/Kg
Tonicity of IV fluids
Hypotonic solutions- have low salt more water in them
Hypertonic solutions- have more electrolytes low salt
Isotonic solutions- are equal in salt and electrolytes
Dextrose solutions are not used with blood transfusions!
Hypotonic solutions
IV fluids-
0.45%1/2NS
Isotonic solutions
IV fluids: 0.9%NS 5%D/W 5%dextrose in 0.225%(D/1/4)NS Lactated Ringers solution
Hypertonic solutions
5% dextrose in lactated ringers solution
5% dextrose in 0.45% (5%D/1/2) NS
5% dextrose in 0.9% NS (5%D/NS)
10% dextrose in water (10% D/W)
Causes of fluid volume deficit
V/D Continuous GI irrigation GI suctioning Illeosotomy colostomy drainage Draining wounds, burns or fistulas Increased UO from use of diuretics
CM of FV deficit
Thirst Poor skin turgor Increased HR Thready P Postural hypotension Rapid weight loss Flat neck and hand veins Dizziness Decreased urine (dark color) Increased specific gravity in urine Confusion Increased hematocrit
Causes of FV excess
To much IV fluids Tap water enemas Decrease kidney function CHF SIADH Cirrhosis Cushing syndrome
CM of FV excess
Cough (sputum frothy) Dyspnea Lung crackles Increased RR & HR Increased BP and bounding P Pitting edema Weight gain Neck and hand vein distention Decreased hematocrit Confusion
Foods high in potassium
Apricots Avocado Bananas Beef Melons Carrots Chocolate Figs Peaches Pork potatoes Prunes Raisins Spinach Tomatoes Veal
Common foods containing calcium
Low fat yogurt Milk Rhubarb Collard greens Cheese Tofu Spinach Broccoli Green beans Carrots Also they will have positive chvostek and trousseau signs hypocalcemia have calcium gluconate on hand If pt has hypercalcemia give calcitonin
Common foods with magnesium
Green leafy veg. Like kale spinach and broccoli Avocado Canned white tuna fish Low fat yogurt Cooked rolled oats Milk Peas Potatoes Pork. Beef. Chicken Raisins Peanut butter Cauliflower Also positive chvostek and trousseau signs but most important reduced tendon reflexes for hypermagnesemia (have calcium gluconate if more than 7mEq/L
Common food with phosphorus
Fish
Pork. Beef. Chicken
Organ meats
Nuts
Whole gain breads and cereals
Hypophosphatemia- decreased tendon reflexes and increased bleeding tendency
Hyperphosphatemia- vD intoxication hyperactive reflexes and positive chvostek and trousseau signs
Hypercalcemia & hypocalcemia
Therapeutic range
Hyper-more than 10mg/dl
Hypo-less than 8.6mg/dl
Therapeutic range:8.6-10 for calcium
