LAB MATH, QC, QA

Question 1

number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Answer 1

MOLARITY

Question 2

number of moles of solute per kilogram solvent

Answer 2

MOLALITY

Question 3

number of gram equivalent weights per liter of solution

Answer 3

NORMALITY

Question 4

amount of solute per 100 total units of solution; often expressed as g/dL (%) or g/L if no %

Answer 4

NORMALITY

Question 5

GLUCOSE

Answer 5

0.0555

Question 6

UREA

Answer 6

0.167

Question 7

BUN

Answer 7

0.357

Question 8

URIC ACID

Answer 8

0.0595

Question 9

CHOLESTEROL

Answer 9

0.026

Question 10

TRIGLYCERIDE

Answer 10

0.0113

Question 11

CREATININE

Answer 11

88.4

Question 12

BILIRUBIN

Answer 12

17.1

Question 13

AMMONIA

Answer 13

0.588

Question 14

average or arithmetic mean; center of the Levey-Jennings chart/ Gaussian Curve

Answer 14

MEAN

Question 15

middle point of a data set after the values have been rank-ordered

Answer 15

MEDIAN

Question 16

most frequently occurring value in a data set

Answer 16

MODE

Question 17

distribution of data points around the mean; square root of variance (𝑠2)

Answer 17

STANDARD DEVIATION

Question 18

low value means HIGH PRECISION

Answer 18

COEFFICIENT OF VARIATION

Question 19

difference between the highest and lowest values, however not reliable when there are OUTLIERS

Answer 19

RANGE

Question 20

term used when data points are distributed symmetrically around the mean (bell curve)

Answer 20

GAUSSIAN/NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Question 21

compares the means of 2 groups of data or the accuracy of 2 methods

Answer 21

T-TEST

Question 22

compares the SDs of 2 groups of data or the precision of 2 methods

Answer 22

F-TEST

Question 23

plotted at the X-AXIS or abscissa

Answer 23

IV/Reference Method

Question 24

plotted at the Y-AXIS or ordinate

Answer 24

DV/New Method

Question 25

ability of the analytical method to detect the proportion of individuals with the disease

Answer 25

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY

Question 26

generate TRUE POSITIVE results

Answer 26

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY

Question 27

required in SCREENING TESTS

Answer 27

DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY

Question 28

ability of the analytical method to detect the proportion of healthy individuals without the disease

Answer 28

DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY

Question 29

generate TRUE NEGATIVE results

Answer 29

DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY

Question 30

required in CONFIRMATORY TESTS

Answer 30

DIAGNOSTIC SPECIFICITY

Question 31

probability that a positive test indicates disease

Answer 31

PPV (Positive Predicative Value)

Question 32

probability that a negative test indicates disease

Answer 32

NPV (Negative Predicative Value)

Question 33

ability of an analytical method to measure the smallest concentration of the analyte of interest

Answer 33

ANALYTICAL SENSITIVITY

Question 34

ability of an analytical method to measure only the analyte of interest

Answer 34

ANALYTICAL SPECIFICITY

Question 35

overall process that encompasses quality assurance, benchmarking, and other aspects that provide for quality improvement to meet set standard

Answer 35

QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Question 36

a systematic action necessary to provide adequate confidence that services needed in patient care would be satisfied

Answer 36

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Question 37

is a tripod of program development, assessment and monitoring, and quality improvement

Answer 37

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Question 38

3 PHASES

Answer 38

PREANALYTICAL PHASE ANALYTICAL PHASE POSTANALYTICAL PHASE

Question 39

a system or process of ensuring accuracy and precision in the laboratory

Answer 39

QUALITY CONTROL

Question 40

monitoring the characteristics of the analytical process and detects errors during testing to prevent releasing of inaccurate test results

Answer 40

QUALITY CONTROL

Question 41

the nearness or closeness of the assayed value to the true/targeted value

Answer 41

ACCURACY

Question 42

ability to produce a series of results that agree closely to each other

Answer 42

PRECISION

Question 43

commonly expressed in terms of Coefficient of Variation

Answer 43

PRECISION

Question 44

involves the analysis of at least 2 levels of control every 24 hours

Answer 44

INTERNAL/INTRALABORATORY QC

Question 45

for daily monitoring of accuracy and precision of analytical methods

Answer 45

INTERNAL/INTRALABORATORY QC

Question 46

involves testing samples of unknown concentration of analytes sent periodically by regulatory agencies to participating laboratories

Answer 46

EXTERNAL/INTER-LABORATORY QC

Question 47

ALSO KNOWN AS PROFICIENCY TESTING

Answer 47

EXTERNAL/INTER-LABORATORY QC

Question 48

National Reference Laboratory for Clin Chem?

Answer 48

LUNG CENTER

Question 49

present in all measurements due to unpredictable cause

Answer 49

RANDOM ERROR

Question 50

change in precision

Answer 50

RANDOM ERROR

Question 51

due to predictable causes

Answer 51

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

Question 52

change in accuracy

Answer 52

SYSTEMATIC ERROR

Question 53

formed by control values that distribute themselves on one

Answer 53

SHIFT

Question 54

formed by control values that continue to increase or decrease

Answer 54

TREND

Question 55

highly deviating control values caused by random/systematic errors

Answer 55

OUTLIERS

Question 56

most used histogram in QC

Answer 56

SHEWHART-LEVEY JENNINGS CHART

Question 57

algebraic sum of the difference between each QC

Answer 57

CUMMULATIVE SUM (CUSUM)

Question 58

graphical technique for analyzing interlaboratory data

Answer 58

TONKS – YOUDEN PLOT

Question 59

compares a laboratory’s productivity with that of other laboratories to find out what processes or resources have been used to achieve high productivity

Answer 59

BENCHMARKING:

Question 60

also known as “deming cycle”; most commonly used in laboratories

Answer 60

PDCA CYCLE:

Question 61

element of total quality management (tqm) that strives to continually improve practices and not just meet established standards

Answer 61

CONTINUOUS QUALITY MANAGEMENT ( CQM ):

Question 62

system applied to reduce the frequency of test errors or also known as defects per million opportunities (dpmo); acceptable errors: 3 errors per million tests

Answer 62

SIX SIGMA:

Question 63

processes made by personnel to improve turnaround time

Answer 63

LEAN