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Cardiology > Lab Medicine-Metabolic Panel > Flashcards

Lab Medicine-Metabolic Panel Flashcards

1
Q

What labs are included in the BMP?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Glucose
  • BUN
  • Creatinine
  • Calcium
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2
Q

What labs are included in CMP that are not included in the BMP?

A
  • Alkaline Phosphatase
  • Bilirubin, Total
  • AST (SGOT)
  • ALT (SGPT)
  • Protein, Total
  • Albumin
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3
Q

What labs can be run to assess kidney function?

A
  • BUN

* Creatinine

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4
Q

What labs can be run to assess electrolytes?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
  • Carbon Dioxide
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5
Q

Normal range of Sodium?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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6
Q

Critical Range of Sodium?

A

155 mEq/L

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7
Q

Name 3 factors that regulate sodium balance

A
  • Aldosterone
  • Natriuretic Hormone
  • Antidiuretic Hormone

(All assist kidney to maintain appropriate levels of free water)

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8
Q

Symptoms of hyponatremia?

A 
weakness
confusion
lethargy
stupor
coma
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9
Q

Symptoms of hypernatremia?

A 
dry mucous membranes
thirst
agitation
restlessness
hyperreflexia
mania
convulsions
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10
Q

Cushing syndrome and hyperaldosteronism can lead to an increase in which electrolyte?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

Name three drugs that can lead to an increase in serum sodium levels.

A
  • Steroids
  • Licorice
  • Oral Contraceptives
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12
Q

Name 4 types of drugs that can lead to a decrease in serum sodium levels.

A
  • thiazide diuretics
  • ACE inhibitors
  • SSRIs
  • Antipsychotics
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13
Q

Name the predominant extracellular cation +

A

Sodium

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14
Q

Name the major intracellular cation +

A

Potassium

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15
Q

What is the primary concern of an abnormal K+ level?

A

arrhythmia

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16
Q

Normal range of potassium?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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17
Q

Critical values for Potassium?

A

6.0 mEq/L

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18
Q

Symptoms of hyperkalemia?

A
  • arrhythmias
  • abdominal cramps
  • N/V/D
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19
Q

Hemolysis can lead to an elevation in which electrolyte?

A

*hemolysis

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20
Q

Symptoms of hypokalemia?

A
  • weakness
  • paralysis
  • hyporeflexia
  • ileus
  • arrhythmias
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21
Q

Which drugs can lead to an increase in potassium serum levels?

A
  • K+ salts
  • K+ sparing diuretics
  • NSAIDS
  • ACEIs
  • ARBs
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22
Q

Low magnesium can lead to a decrease in low serum levels of which electrolyte?

A

potassium!

Check Mg if you are unable to correct for low K+

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23
Q

Which drugs can lead to a decrease in serum potassium levels?

A
  • loop diuretics
  • thiazides
  • corticosteroids
  • laxative abuse
24
Q

Name the major extracellular anion (-)

A

Chloride

25
Q

Normal range of Chloride?

A

98-107 mEq/L

26
Q

Critical values for Chloride?

A

120

27
Q

Symptoms of hypochloremia?

A
  • Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles
  • Shallow breathing
  • Tetany
  • Hypotension
28
Q

Symptoms of hyperchloremia?

A
  • lethargy
  • weakness
  • deep breathing
29
Q

Drugs that can lead to an increase in serum chloride levels?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • NSAIDS
  • Acetazolamide
  • TPN high in Cl
30
Q

Drugs that can lead to a decrease in serum chloride levels?

A

*Diuretics

31
Q

Most of the body’s carbon dioxide is in the form of what?

A

bicarbonate (HCO3-)

measured as as serum bicarbonate level

32
Q

Normal range of carbon dioxide?

A

22-28 mEq/L

33
Q

Critical values for carbon dioxide?

A

40 mEq/L

34
Q

Salicylate toxicity and ethylene glycol poisoning can both lead to a decrease in serum levels of what?

A

Carbon Dioxide

35
Q

Glucose levels are controlled by _________ and ____________.

A

insulin and glucagon

36
Q

Normal range of glucose?

A

60-110 mg/dL

37
Q

Critical values for glucose?

A

500 mg/dL

38
Q

Name the end product of protein metabolism and digestion that is formed in the liver and excreted by the kidney.

A

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

39
Q

What lab serves as an index of function of both the liver and kidney?

A

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

40
Q

What lab serves as an indirect and rough measurement of renal function?

A

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

41
Q

Normal Range of BUN?

A

8-20 mg/dL

42
Q

Critical level for BUN?

A

> 100 mg/dL

43
Q

Creatinine is a measure of function of which organ?

A

kidney

44
Q

Serum creatinine levels are affected by ________ __________.

A

muscle mass

45
Q

Normal range for serum creatinine?

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

46
Q

Critical value for serum creatinine?

A

7 mg/dL

47
Q

What is the BUN:Cr ratio?

A

10:1

If >20:1, consider pre-renal causes of azotemia such as dehydration or GI bleed

48
Q

Which mineral is used to evaluate parathyroid function?

A

Calcium

49
Q

This mineral should be monitored in patients with kidney injury, hyperparathyroidism and various malignancies

A

Calcium

50
Q

Normal range of serum calcium?

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dL

51
Q

Critical values for calcium?

A

13.5 mg/dL

52
Q

Symptoms which may indicate hypercalcemia?

A
  • anorexia
  • n/v
  • somnolence
  • coma
  • shortened QT interval
53
Q

Symptoms which may indicate hypocalcemia?

A
  • nervousness
  • excitability
  • tetany
  • prolonged QT interval
54
Q

If albumin is low, the ___________ level will also be low.

A

calcium

55
Q

Equation for corrected calcium?

A

Calcium = [0.8 x (normal albumin-patient’s albumin)] + serum Calcium level

Note: default normal albumin is 4

56
Q

What is ionized Calcium?

A

“Free” calcium flowing in blood not attached to proteins.

57
Q

Name a few drugs that may lead to an increase in serum calcium levels.

A
  • Tamoxifen
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • antacids
  • Chronic diuretic use (thiazides)
  • Lithium

Cardiology (8 decks)

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