Lab Midterm

Question 1

Can only be seen with a microscope and are typically a single cell. (bacteria, protozoans, certain types of algae, and fungi

Answer 1

Microorganisms

Question 2

1. Protecting Clients from aquiring infections

2. Protecting health care workers from becoming infected.

Answer 2

Purposes of Infection control

Question 3

Capable causing disease

Answer 3

pathogens

Question 4

Disease state resulting from entry and multiplication of pathogen in tissues cauing body to manifest critical signs and symptoms

Answer 4

Infection

Question 5

Transmitted one person to another (infectious, contagious)

Answer 5

Communicable

Question 6

An infectiour agent. A reservoir. A portal of exit from reservoir. A mode of transmission. A portal of entry to a host. A susceptible host.

Answer 6

Chain of infection

Question 7

Microgorganisms on skin

Answer 7

Resident or transient flora

Question 8

Permanent residents of skin, where survive and multiply without causing harm

Answer 8

resident organisms

Question 9

A sufficient number or organisms. virulence or ability to produce disease. ability enter and survive in host. susceptability of host

Answer 9

Potential Microorganisms to cause disease

Question 10

Affects entire body instead of just a single organ or part

Answer 10

Systemic Infection

Question 11

Infection aquired after admission to a health facility

Answer 11

A health care-aquired infection aka nosocomial infection or iatrogenic infection

Question 12

Elimination of all pathogens except bacterial spores. Disinfectants and antiseptics

Answer 12

Disinfection

Question 13

Medical and Surgical (absense of pathogenic microorganisms)

Answer 13

Asepsis

Question 14

Concentrated Watching. - Close, careful scrutiny first of indicidual then of each body system. starts with “general survey”

Answer 14

Inspection

Question 15

Applies sense of touch to assess: texture, temperaature, moisture, organ location and size, any swelling, vibration or pulsation, regidity, crepidation, presence lumps or masses, tenderness or pain. FOLLOWS AND OFTEN CONFIRMS INSPECTION

Answer 15

Palpation

Question 16

Tactile descrimination, as of skin texture, swelling, pulsation, presence lumps.

Answer 16

Fingertips

Question 17

Detect position, shape, and consistence of organ or mass

Answer 17

Grasping action fingers and thumb

Question 18

Determining temp

Answer 18

Dorsa (backs) of hands and fingers

Question 19

Best for vibration

Answer 19

Base of fingers

Question 20

Most frequent measurement obtains by health care professionals include: temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation

Answer 20

Vital Signs (VS)

Question 21

Indicate effectiveness of circulatory, respiratory, neural and endocrine body functions

Answer 21

Vital Signs (VS)

Question 22

Avg oral/tympanic temp

Answer 22

37*c

Question 23

Avg rectal temp

Answer 23

37.5*c

Question 24

Avg axillary temp

Answer 24

36.5*c

Question 25

Avg Pulse

Answer 25

60-100 BPM

Question 26

Avg Respirations

Answer 26

12-20 bpm

Question 27

Avg BP

Answer 27

120/80 mmHg

Question 28

Avg Pulse Pressure

Answer 28

30-50mmHg

Question 29

Difference between amount of heat produced by the body and amount of heast lost external environment

Answer 29

Body Temperature

Question 30

Temp of deep tissues, remains relatively constant due to temp control mechanisms

Answer 30

Core Temp

Question 31

Fluctuates, depending on blood flow

Answer 31

Surface Temp

Question 32

The balance between heat lost and heat produced. - precisely regulated by physiological and behavioural mechanisms

Answer 32

Thermoregulation

Question 33

Transfer of heat from one surface to another surface without touching (85% body's surface area radiates to environment)

Answer 33

Radiation

Question 34

Transfer heat one object to another with direct contact.

Answer 34

Conduction

Question 35

Transfer of heat by air movement

Answer 35

Convection

Question 36

Transfer heat energy when liquid is converted to gas

Answer 36

Evaporation

Question 37

Bounding of blood flow that is palpable at various points in body. indicator of circulatory status

Answer 37

Pulse

Question 38

Volume blood pumped by heart during 1 minute

Answer 38

Cardiac Output

Question 39

Earpieces, Binaurals, tubing, bell chespiece, diaphragm chestpiece.

Answer 39

Parts of a stethoscope

Question 40

Exercise, temp, emotions, pain, drugs, hemorrhage, postural changes, pulmonary conditions

Answer 40

Factors influences Pulse Rates

Question 41

Interval interrupted by early or late beat. threatens heart's ability to provide adequate cardiac output

Answer 41

Dysrhythmia

Question 42

Mechanism body uses exchange gases between atmosphere and the blood and between the blood and the cells

Answer 42

Respiration

Question 43

Movement of gases in and out of the lungs

Answer 43

ventilation

Question 44

Movement of o2 and co2 between alveroli and RBCs

Answer 44

Diffusion

Question 45

Distribution of RBC to and from the pulmonary capillaries

Answer 45

Perfusion

Question 46

Must integrate assessment data from all three processes

Answer 46

Analysis of respiratory efficiency

Question 47

Determnining respiratory rate, respiratory depth and respiratory rhythm

Answer 47

Assess Ventilation

Question 48

Assess Diffusion and Perfusion

Answer 48

Determining o2 sat.

Question 49

Active Process. Respiratory centre send impulses along phreniec nerve cause diaphragm to contract. 500ml air

Answer 49

Inspiration

Question 50

Passive Process

Answer 50

Expiration

Question 51

Normal Rate and depth of ventilation

Answer 51

Eupnea

Question 52

"Deep" "normal" "shallow"

Answer 52

Depth of respiration

Question 53

Thickness of blood

Answer 53

viscosity

Question 54

Percentage of RBCs in blood

Answer 54

Hematocrit

Question 55

Assess Pulse

Answer 55

Rate, Rhythm, Force Elasticity

Question 56

3+ Full, bounding 2+ normal 1+ weak, thready 0 absent

Answer 56

Pulse force assessment scale

Question 57

when normal, artery feels springy, straight, resilient

Answer 57

Elasticity

Question 58

Cardiac Output, peripheral cascular resistance, volume of circulating blood, viscosity, elasticity

Answer 58

BP factors

Question 59

Period when korokoff`s sounds disappear

Answer 59

Ausculatory Gap

Question 60

The rhythmic movement through the heart

Answer 60

Cardiac Cycle

Question 61

Ventrilles relaxed, pressure in the atria rises then ventricles rapidly fill.

Answer 61

Diastole

Question 62

Atria push last amount of blood into ventricles

Answer 62

Atrial Sysrole

Question 63

Characteristics of heart sounds

Answer 63

Frequency (pitch) intensity (loudness), duration, timing

Question 64

Between trachea and sternomastoid muscle

Answer 64

Carotid Artery

Question 65

Middle section of the thoracic cavity containing esophaugus, trachea, heart and great vessels

Answer 65

Mediastinum

Question 66

On either side of mediastinum contain lungs

Answer 66

Left and Right Pleural cavities

Question 67

4 Major functions of the respiratory system

Answer 67

1. Supplying oxygen to the body for energy production 2. removing c02 as a waste product of energy reactions 3. Maintaining homeostasis of arterial blood 4. Maintaining heat exchange.