Lab Midterm

Question 1

What are some examples of pre-meds?

Answer 1

• Atropine
• Acepromazine
• Buprenorphine
• Butorphanol
• Morphine
• Hydromorphine

Question 2

What is atropine?

Answer 2

An anticholinergic that decreases parasympathetic nervous system to decrease salivation and bronchial secretions but can also be used during surgery to increase the heart rate

Question 3

What is acepromazine?

Answer 3

A phenothiazide, that provides sedation but no analagesic effect; can also be used for post-op sedation

Question 4

What medication has a similar effect as atropine?

Answer 4

Glycopyurolate

Question 5

What is buprenorphine?

Answer 5

A synthetic opiod mu-agonist that can provide anagelsia for most procedures, but not recommended for painful procedures

Question 6

What is the revesal agent for opiods?

Answer 6

Naloxone

Question 7

What is butorphanol?

Answer 7

A synthetic opiod used for mild pain and also cough suppressant, it partially antagonizes other opiods

Question 8

What is tramadol?

Answer 8

A synthetic opiod that is used for pain control in animals, although the actual affects are unknown

Question 9

Which pre-meds may cause vomiting?

Answer 9

Morphine and hydromorphine

Question 10

What are some common induction agents?

Answer 10

• Ketamine
• Diazepam
• Pentothal
• Propofol
• Telazol
• Alfaxalone
• Dexdomitor
• Xylazine
• Dex-Torb-Ket (kitty magic)

Question 11

What is ketamine?

Answer 11

A dissociative anesthetic that causes mild analgesic usually given with valium; should NOT be used in epileptic patients as it may induce a seiuzure

Question 12

What is diazepam?

Answer 12

A muscle relaxant that depresses the central nervous system; also provides anti-anxiety and anti-seizure properties, usually mixed 1:1 with ketamine

Question 13

Which medication can precipitate or crystallize if left in a plastic syringe?

Answer 13

Diazepam

Question 14

What is the reversal of diazepam?

Answer 14

Flumazenil

Question 15

What is pentothal?

Answer 15

A barbituate that is given as an overdose for euthanasia due to its respiratory depression effects

Question 16

What is propofol?

Answer 16

A hypnotic agent that is fast acting and given to effect for sedation

Question 17

Which medication is not recommended in patients with hyperprolinemia (excess amino acid in the blood)?

Answer 17

Propofol

Question 18

What is telazol?

Answer 18

A combination sedative of tiletamine and zolazepam

Question 19

What is the only induction medication actually approved for use in dogs and cats?

Answer 19

Alfaxalone, it is fast acting and can be used in medically compromised patients

Question 20

What is dexmeditomadine?

Answer 20

An alpha 2 agonist that can cause bradycardia and should only be used in healthy patients

Question 21

What is the reversal of dexdomitor?

Answer 21

Antiseden

Question 22

What is xylazine?

Answer 22

AKA rompin, it is an alpha 2 agonist that can cause heart block that can be reversed by yohimbine

Question 23

How many milligrams equals 1 microgram?

Answer 23

1 mcg = 0.001 mg

Question 24

How many ounces equal 1 pound?

Answer 24

16 oz = 1 lb

Question 25

How many milligrams equal 1 gram?

Answer 25

1 g = 1,000 mg

Question 26

How many kilograms equals 1 gram?

Answer 26

1 g = 0.001 kg

Question 27

What is the 1st hour surgical rate for a dog and cat?

Answer 27

- Dog: 10 ml/kg/hr | - Cat: 5 ml/kg/hr

Question 28

What is the next hour surgical rate for a dog and cat?

Answer 28

- Dog: 5 ml/kg/hr | - Cat: 3 ml/kg/hr

Question 29

What are the drip rate short cuts?

Answer 29

- 60 drips = hourly rate / 6 - 15 drips = hourly rate / 24 - 10 drips = hourly rate / 36

Question 30

What are the parts of the anesthesia machine?

Answer 30

- O2 tank - Pressure gauge (manometer) - Flowmeter - Pressure vaporizer - Reservoir bag - Rebreathing and non-rebreathing circuits - Scavenging system or CO2 absorbing canister

Question 31

What is tidal volume?

Answer 31

Amount of air that goes in and out of the lungs in a single breath (10-15 ml/kg)

Question 32

What is MAC?

Answer 32

Minimum alveolar concentration

Question 33

When would you use a non-rebreather?

Answer 33

When the pet is < 7 kg

Question 34

What is contained in a rebreathing CO2 canister?

Answer 34

Calcium hydroxide soda lime

Question 35

What are the recommended reservoir bag sizes?

Answer 35

- <7 kg = 1 L - 8-15 kg = 2 L - 16-50 kg = 3 L - > 50 kg = 4-5 L

Question 36

What does CPCR mean?

Answer 36

Cardiopulmonary cerebral resucutation

Question 37

What is CAB?

Answer 37

Circulation, Airway, Breathing

Question 38

What are the emergency medications that can be administered via ET tube?

Answer 38

- Naloxone = for respiratory depression - Atropine = increases heart rate - Vasopressin = increases blood pressure - Epinephrine = restarts heart beating - Lidocaine = Anti-arrhythmia for VPC's or V-Tach

Question 39

What is the adult canine dental formula?

Answer 39

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3) = 42

Question 40

What is the deciduous canine dental formula?

Answer 40

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/3, M 0/0) = 28

Question 41

What is the adult feline dental formula?

Answer 41

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1) = 30

Question 42

What is the deciduous feline dental formula?

Answer 42

2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 3/2, M 1/1) = 26

Question 43

What is the order of the triadan dental numbering system?

Answer 43

Upper right (100s), upper left (200s), lower left (300s), lower right (400s) for an adult