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10 SPECIAL POPS > LAB MIDTERM > Flashcards

LAB MIDTERM Flashcards

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1
Q

When does the Placing Reflex occur?

A

0-6 weeks

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2
Q

How do you perform the Placing Reflex?

A

Hold infant under arms and touch the Dorsum of of the infant’s foot to the examining table

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3
Q

What is the normal for Placing Reflex?

A

Infant should flex the stimulated foot/knee and bring foot up onto surface, followed by other foot

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4
Q

What would be abnormal for Placing Reflex?

A

Paresis and hip abnormalities

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5
Q

When does the Stepping/Walking Reflex occur?

A

0-6 weeks

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6
Q

How do you perform the Stepping/Walking Reflex?

A

Hold infant under arms and touches the soles of the infants feet onto table

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7
Q

What is normal for Stepping/Walking Reflex?

A

Infant flexes both knees followed by extension of the knees, in a “mock walk”

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8
Q

What is the Abnormal for Stepping/Walking Reflex?

A

Paresis or hip abnormalities

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9
Q

When does the Gallant/Trunk Incurvation occur?

A

0-8 weeks

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10
Q

How do you perform Gallant/Trunk Incurvation?

A

Hold infant in a prone position supported securely under abdomen. Examiner strokes one side of Para vertebral muscles from occiput to base of sacrum bilaterally

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11
Q

What is the normal for Gallant/Trunk Incurvation?

A

Infant should extend and laterally flex head and trunk to the side of stimulus

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12
Q

What is the Abnormal for Gallant/Trunk Incurvation?

A

Lower motor neuron lesion if it is still persists past 6 month it may indicate a pathology

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13
Q

When does Moro/Startle Reflex occur?

A

0-4 months

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14
Q

How do you perform Moro/Startle Reflex?

A

Hold infant supine and abruptly change head position of infant 1-2 cm

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15
Q

What is the normal for Moro/Startle Reflex?

A

Initially the infant should symmetrically extend and full abduct the arms bilateral concomitant with extension if the trunk and flexion of the knees and hips, then followed by an embrace response

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16
Q

What is the Abnormal for Moro/Startle Reflex?

A

Hemi paresis of upper or lower extremity is asymmetrical response is produced, brachial plexus injury, spinal cord injury

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17
Q

When does the Root reflex occur?

A

0-4 months while awake and 0-7 months while asleep

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18
Q

How do you perform the Rooting Reflex?

A

Firmly strokes above the ramps of the mandible towards the mouth, bilaterally

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19
Q

What is the normal for Rooting Reflex?

A

Infant moves towards side of stimulus

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20
Q

What is the Abnormal for Rooting Reflex?

A

CN V or CN VII lesion or general CNS disorder

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21
Q

When does the sucking reflex occur?

A

0-4 months

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22
Q

How do you perform the Sucking reflex?

A

Inserts clean finger into infant’s mouth and lightly stroke the hard palate

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23
Q

What is the Normal for Sucking reflex?

A

Infant starts to suckle

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24
Q

What is the abnormal for Sucking Reflex?

A

General CNS disorder

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25
What are you checking with the Sucking Reflex?
Hard palate shape and TMJ function
26
When does Vertical Suspension occur?
0-6 months
27
How do you perform Vertical Suspension ?
Supports the upright infant around the torso, then raises the infant suddenly upwards
28
What is the Normal for Vertical Suspension ?
The infant should bilaterally flex his hips and knees
29
What is the abnormal for Vertical suspension?
Hip joint abnormalities, or spastic paraplegia
30
When does the Palmar Grasp Reflex occur?
0-6 months
31
How do you perform the Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Places finger on the infant’s palm/ball of foot
32
What is the normal for Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Infant grasp examiner’s finger
33
What is the Abnormal for Palmar Grasp Reflex?
Cerebral dysfunction. A persistent fist/clenched toes, presentation during waking hours after 2 months of age may suggest CNS disorder like CP
34
When does the Blink/Dazzle Reflex occur?
0-1 year
35
How do you perform the Blink/Dazzle Reflex?
Shine pen light into infant’s eyes
36
What is the normal for Blink/Dazzle Reflex?
Infant blinks
37
What is the abnormal for Blink/Dazzle Reflex?
Blindness or decreased visual acuity
38
When does the Acoustic Blink Reflex occur?
0-gradually disappears
39
How do you perform the Acoustic Blink Reflex?
Make a loud noise away from infants visual gaze
40
What is the normal for the Acoustic Blink Reflex?
Infant should blink eyes
41
What is the abnormal for Acoustic Blink Reflex?
Decreased or total hearing loss, facial paralysis
42
When does the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex?
2 weeks - 6 months
43
How do you perform the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex?
Infant is supine. Examiner rotates infant’s head for 30 seconds, bilaterally
44
What is the Normal for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex?
Infant takes on a fencing type posture. The infant should extend the upper and lower extremity on the side of head rotation and flex the upper and lower extremity on the contralateral side.
45
What is the Abnormal for Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex?
A persistent ATNR is abnormal and may indicate ipsilateral Hemi paresis or CNS damage
46
When does Landau occur?
2 weeks - 2 years
47
How do you perform Landau reflex?
Hold baby under belly, the back arches
48
What is the normal for Landau?
Neck extends and back arches while extremities extend. When the head is passively flexed the child will flex hips and torso
49
What is the abnormal for Landau?
Present after 2 years may indicate poor motor development
50
When does Neck Righting occur?
0-10 months
51
How do you perform Neck Righting?
Infant is lying supine. Examiner rotates infant’s head to one side
52
What is the normal for Neck Righting?
Infant should rotate trunk to the side of head rotation
53
What is the abnormal for neck righting?
Cerebral damage
54
When does the Parachute reflex occur?
6 months - 1 year
55
How do you perform the Parachute Reflex?
With infant suspended in the prone position, the examiner quickly changes head positioning of infant mimicking a fall
56
What is the Normal for the Parachute Reflex?
The infant should extend arms down as to “Brace the fall”
57
What is the abnormal for Parachute Reflex?
Assess upper extremity function and asymmetry may indicate paresis
58
When does the Babinski reflex occur?
0-1 year
59
How do you perform the Babinski reflex?
Stroke plantar surface of foot from heel toward toes but not across ball of foot
60
What is normal for Babinski?
Extension and fanning of toes with flexor response of first toe
61
What is abnormal for Babinski reflex?
Possible CNS dysfunction
62
When does the Otoliths Righting Reflex occur?
0 - 2 years
63
How do you perform the Otoliths Righting Reflex?
Hold infant under arms then tilts infant to one side
64
What is the normal for Otoliths Righting Reflex ?
The infant should try to laterally flex head to maintain horizon
65
What is the Abnormal for Otoliths Righting Reflex?
General CNS damage, Atlas laterality
66
What do you do for Brudzinski Test?
- Tuck chin to chest
67
What are the positive and indicators for Brudzinski Test?
+ Resistance, pain and/or hip flexion - Might be meninges irritation
68
What is Kermit’s Sign?
Supine - Bring knee and hip to 90 degrees then extend leg
69
What is the Positive and Indicator for Kernig Sign?
+ Resistance and or pain - Might be meninges irritation
70
How do you do Ortolani Test?
Supine, place chiropractic index finger on the greater trochanter and thumb on trochanter Move hip into flexion then externally rotate placing P-A pressure on the greater trochanter
71
What are positive and indicator for Ortolani test?
+ Palpable clunk - Instability or dislocation of hip, Anterior dislocation of hip
72
How do you do Barlow Test?
Supine, place chiropractic index finger on the greater trochanter and thumb on trochanter distract leg and internally rotate while placing A-P pressure on the greater trochanter
73
What are positive and indicator for Barlow test?
+ Palpable click or clunk - Instability or dislocation of hip, posterior dislocation of the hip
74
Barlow test aka
Chapple test or Hart test
75
What is the 1st Maneuver of Leopold’s?
- Locate fetal part of LOWER uterine segment - Then apply slight counter pressure at the uterine fundus with your opposite hand. (BALLOTTEMENT) ** Feeling for movement of the fetus to determine does the baby still have space
76
What is the 2nd Maneuver of Leopold’s?
- Locate the fetal part at the uterine fundus - Then apply slight counter pressure to the lower uterine segment with your opposite hand, feeling for movement of the fetus. (BALLOTTEMENT) ** Feeling for movement of the fetus to determine does the baby still have space
77
What is the 3rd Maneuver of Leopold’s ?
- Palpate down the lateral walls of the uterus - Moving toward pelvic outlet - This determines the side the spine is on versus the side of the extremities. (Smooth continuous structure = spine) ** The extremities will be undulating, bumpy in and out
78
What is the 4th Maneuver of Leopold’s ?
- Locate the cephalic prominence | - This will determine if the presenting portion of the head is the occiput or the sinciput
79
If baby presents with Occiput:
Palpated on the side Opposite the spine - VOA, Vertex Occ. Anterior, head is in flexion
80
If baby is Sinciput:
Palpated on the Same side of the spine - VOP, head is in extension, facial, brow, or sunny side up
81
A strong fetal heartbeat ABOVE the umbilicus indicates _____
The head is up, BREECH
82
A strong fetal heart beat below the umbilicus indicates _____
The head is down. - This does not always mean the baby is not in breech
83
Vertex Occiput Anterior =
Longitudinal lie, caudal presentation with head in slight flexion
84
Vertex Occiput posterior; Facial, Brow, Sunny Side up:
With the face up toward the mother’s abdomen and in the longitudinal position with the head down
85
What is the Frank Breech position?
The head is located near the top of the uterus and buttocks facing the birth canal with both hips in flexion and knees in extension
86
What is Complete Breech?
The head will be located near the top of the uterus, legs folded at the knees and crossed, and feet near the buttocks
87
What is Incomplete Breech?
This presentation has the baby in the head up position with 1 leg in extension and both hips in flexion
88
What is Transverse lie?
The baby will be in the horizontal position
89
What is the footling Breech?
The baby is head up with one hip in extension and one foot in flexion
90
Webster’s, “Fetal head position is Head up” protocol to adjust:
- Check for leg lag - Adjust on the sacrum on the side of leg lag P-L or P-R ** Recheck leg lag
91
Webster’s, “Fetal head position is Head up” trigger point:
Hold abdominal trigger point, Round ligament, in the Lower quadrant opposite leg lag - Repeat every other day and adjust nothing else that day - Continue 3 weeks
92
What is the only thing you do different with “Vertex occiput posterior; facial, brow, sunny side up” ?
Hold abdominal trigger point, round lig, in the lower quadrant IPSILATERAL to leg lag
93
What is the adjusting protocol for Transverse lie presentation?
Adjust on the sacrum as BP - Hold abdominal trigger points, both round ligaments, in the lower quadrant bilaterally

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