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Lab (O2+Blood Composition) Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Cells make up what percent of blood?

A

45%

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2
Q

What makes up 55% of blood?

A

Plasma

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3
Q

What is plasma composed of?

A

Water
three major classes of proteins
(Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen)

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4
Q

Fibrinogen

A

clotting protein
found in plasma
converts fibrin

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5
Q

Antigens

A

structures found on the surface of the red blood cells and other cells in the blood
(clots if same letter blood type)

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6
Q

antibodies

A 
a major class of globular proteins found in blood
(doesn't clot if opposite blood type)
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7
Q

how are ABO blood group defined?

A

defined by the presence or absence of certain oligosaccharides on the RBC and in many peoples saliva

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8
Q

ABO system

A

is due to a series of alleles at a single locus affecting enzymes that add two simple sugars (monosaccharides) to a basic structural unit present on all red blood cell membranes

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9
Q

Rh

A

found on the surface of red blood cells

Determines positive or negative

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10
Q

Bleeding time

A

the length of time the blood stops bleeding

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11
Q

Coagulation time

A

the length of time it takes to clot

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12
Q

Prothrombin

A

converts into thrombin

found in plasma

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13
Q

Thrombin

A

an enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
is a fibrin stabilizer
found in plasma

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14
Q

Thromboplastin

A

found in the tissue + platelets

conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting of blood

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15
Q

Calcium Ion

A

found in the bone and small intestine

starts and helps with blood clotting

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16
Q

Platelets

A

found in the blood

prevent bleeding

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17
Q

Leukocytes

A

white blood cells

nuclei is stained blue

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18
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

are stained a pale red

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19
Q

Macrophages

A

found in stationary forms of tissue

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20
Q

two classes of leukocytes

A

lymphocytes and granulocyte

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21
Q

lymphocytes

A

20-25% of all WBC
large single nucleus
spherical in shape
divide into two categories (T cells and B cells)

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22
Q

Granulocytes

A
  • distinguished on the basis of the color they stain
  • most common are Neutrophils (65-75% of WBC)
  • irregular shape
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23
Q

circulatory system

A

function is to maintain an adequate flow of blood to all organs of the body

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24
Q

blood

A
  • carries gas, organic food stuff, and chemical messengers

- temperature regulation, combating disease and regulating salt and water balance

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25
blood pressure
- is the cause of blood flow - contracting the heart - a bulk flow of fluid resulting in pressure applied to the blood by the contraction of the hearts ventricles
26
the circulatory system is made up of two circuits
pulmonary circuit | systemic circuit
27
pulmonary circuit
to the lungs
28
systemic circuit
to the rest of the body
29
Arteries
blood is carried away from the heart
30
veins
return blood to the heart
31
capillaries
exchange of blood and extracellular fluid | connect arteries and veins
32
heart rate
the number of contractions per minute
33
stroke volume
blood that leaves your heart from each contraction (70mL)
34
systolic pressure
the contraction of the ventricles of the heart, the blood pressure rises and the maximum pressure at the end is the systolic pressure
35
diastolic pressure
ventricle relaxes, arterial pressure fall and right before the next contraction is the diastolic pressure
36
what is blood pressure measured in
millimeters of mercury
37
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic and the diastolic
38
Dicrotic Notch
a valley between the major and secondary peaks | caused be echo
39
Sphygmomanometer
measure the arterial blood pressure
40
Korotkoff Sound
Produced by the wall of the artery vibrating due to pressure
41
Nervous System
- regulate the activities and functions of the body - acts rapidly using cells with extensions (axon) specialized for transmitting electrical signals to specific locations to cause a short-term response to stimuli.
42
Central nervous system (CNS)
- consists of the brain and spinal cord - contain the centers where connections are made between the nerve fibers bringing and carrying receptors - reflex, language, learning and memory
43
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
-nerves connecting the peripheral parts of the body with the central nervous system
44
Cranial nerves
twelve pairs of nerve arise from the brain
45
Spinal Nerves
thirty-one pairs arise from the spinal cord
46
two subsystems of the PNS
somatic nervous system | visceral nervous system
47
somatic nervous system
controls the muscles and surface of the body
48
visceral nervous system aka Autonomic nervous system
controls the internal organs
49
cerebellum
part of CNS in the back of the skull - a thin layer of grey matter that makes up the cortex - balance, posture, and coordination - information from joints, eyes, and part of the ears - registers body position, a rate of movement, and coordination of muscle activity
50
oculomotor
moves eyelids and eyeballs and adjust the pupil and lens of the eye
51
optic
sight
52
olfactory
smell
53
trigeminal
facial muscle inclose chewing
54
trochlear and abducens
moves eyeballs
55
vestibulocochlear
sound
56
glossopharyngeal and vagus
swallowing, saliva, taste
57
spinal accessory
moving head and shoulders; swallowing
58
hypoglossal
tongue muscles; speak and swallowing
59
patellar tendon reflex (knee jerk)
normal: lower leg will extend - only sensory and motor neuron - absence can be caused by injury to nerves in lumbar region of spinal cord, chronic diabetes, and neurosyphilis - exaggerated can be caused by disease or injury in corticospinal tract
60
Achilles Tendon reflex (ankle jerk)
normal: foot extends - absence caused by damage to nerves in leg muscles or lumbosacral region of sine, chronic diabetes mellitus, neurosyphilis, alcoholism, and subarachnoid bleeding - exagerrated caused by injury in sacral or cervical region of spine
61
Babinski Sign
tickling bottom of foot - big toe extends for under 18 months of age and curls after 1.5 of age - abnormal caused by interruption of corticospinal tract dev. or
62
spatial orientation
affects vestibularcochear nerve

Animal Biology (1 decks)

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