LAB Osteichthyes

Question 1

The organization of fish into hierarchical groups down to the species level, including the two main groups within Osteichthyes.

Answer 1

Fish classification

Question 2

The group of vertebrates with a bony skeleton, dominant in both freshwater and marine habitats, with over 30,000 species.

Answer 2

Osteichthyes (bony fish)

Question 3

Animals with a backbone.

Answer 3

Vertebrates

Question 4

The phylum that includes all vertebrates, including Osteichthyes.

Answer 4

Chordata phylum

Question 5

Internal skeletal structure made of bone, characteristic of Osteichthyes.

Answer 5

Bony skeleton

Question 6

Skeletons made of cartilage, as opposed to bone.

Answer 6

Cartilaginous skeletons

Question 7

The most diverse group of bony fish, characterized by fins supported by bony rays.

Answer 7

Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)

Question 8

Fins that are supported by bony rays, providing flexibility and control in swimming.

Answer 8

Fins supported by bony rays

Question 9

The less numerous, more primitive group of bony fish with fleshy, lobed fins supported by a series of bones.

Answer 9

Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)

Question 10

Fins that are fleshy and lobed, supported by a series of bones, resembling tetrapod limbs.

Answer 10

Fleshy, lobed fins supported by a series of bones

Question 11

Four-limbed vertebrates; lobe-finned fish fins are similar to their limbs.

Answer 11

Tetrapods

Question 12

An example of a living fossil among lobe-finned fishes.

Answer 12

Coelacanths

Question 13

Another example of a living fossil among lobe-finned fishes.

Answer 13

Lungfishes

Question 14

Organisms with an ancient lineage and relatively unchanged body plans, such as coelacanths and lungfishes.

Answer 14

Living fossils

Question 15

A group with a long evolutionary history, contributing to its members being called living fossils.

Answer 15

Ancient lineage

Question 16

Physical structure that has changed little over long periods, as seen in living fossils.

Answer 16

Relatively unchanged body plans

Question 17

Specific characteristics used to tell fish apart, such as coloration and scale type.

Answer 17

Distinguishing features

Question 18

The color patterns of a fish, used as a distinguishing feature.

Answer 18

Coloration

Question 19

The characteristics of a fish’s scales, used as a distinguishing feature.

Answer 19

Scale type

Question 20

The visible parts of a fish’s body, observed to study diversity.

Answer 20

External anatomical structures

Question 21

A fish species reported from Begnas Lake.

Answer 21

Chanda nama

Question 22

Another fish species reported from Begnas Lake.

Answer 22

Heteropneustes fossilis

Question 23

A fish species analyzed morphometrically and meristically from Tanda Dam, Pakistan.

Answer 23

Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)

Question 24

A method involving measurements of body parts and counts of features like fin rays and scales.

Answer 24

Morphometric and Meristic Analysis

Question 25

Measurements of the external body parts of a fish.

Answer 25

Morphometric characteristics / Morphometric characters of fish

Question 26

The longest measurement from the tip of the snout to the end of the tail.

Answer 26

Total length (TL)

Question 27

The length from the snout to the fork of the tail.

Answer 27

Forked length (FL)

Question 28

The length from the snout to the base of the tail.

Answer 28

Standard length (SL)

Question 29

The length from the snout to the posterior edge of the operculum.

Answer 29

Head length (HL)

Question 30

The vertical distance from the back to the belly at the deepest part of the body.

Answer 30

Body depth (BD)

Question 31

The diameter of the eye.

Answer 31

Eye diameter (ED)

Question 32

The vertical height of the dorsal fin.

Answer 32

Dorsal-fin height (DFH)

Question 33

The length of the base of the dorsal fin.

Answer 33

Dorsal-fin base length (DFBL)

Question 34

The length of the pectoral fin.

Answer 34

Pectoral-fin length (PFL)

Question 35

The length of the base of the pectoral fin.

Answer 35

Pectoral-fin base length (PFBL)

Question 36

The height of the pelvic fin.

Answer 36

Pelvic-fin height (PelFH)

Question 37

The length of the base of the pelvic fin.

Answer 37

Pelvic-fin base length (PelFBL)

Question 38

The height of the anal fin.

Answer 38

Anal-fin height (AFH)

Question 39

The length of the base of the anal fin.

Answer 39

Anal-fin base length (AFBL/AFL)

Question 40

The length of the narrow part of the body before the tail fin.

Answer 40

Caudal peduncle length (CPL)

Question 41

The depth of the caudal peduncle (narrow part before the tail).

Answer 41

Caudal peduncle depth (CPD)

Question 42

The geographic range where a specific fish species is found within the Philippines.

Answer 42

Philippine distribution

Question 43

Assessment of a species’ conservation status, often by organizations like the IUCN.

Answer 43

Red list Assessment

Question 44

What a fish species consumes as food.

Answer 44

Food habits

Question 45

The variety of bony fish species found in the Philippines.

Answer 45

Philippine Osteichthyes Diversity

Question 46

The extent to which species are unique to a particular area.

Answer 46

Level of endemism

Question 47

Geological processes that result in the development of distinct fish populations.

Answer 47

Isolation and evolution

Question 48

Groups of fish that are genetically or morphologically different, often due to isolation and evolution.

Answer 48

Distinct fish populations

Question 49

A description of the Philippines’ location, highlighting its marine biodiversity.

Answer 49

Heart of the Coral Triangle

Question 50

A high variety of life forms in marine environments; the Philippines is noted for this.

Answer 50

Richest marine biodiversity

Question 51

The variety of living environments available for fish in the Philippines.

Answer 51

Wide range of habitats

Question 52

A marine habitat formed by coral.

Answer 52

Coral reefs

Question 53

A marine habitat formed by underwater seagrass.

Answer 53

Seagrass beds

Question 54

A coastal/brackish habitat formed by mangrove trees.

Answer 54

Mangrove forests

Question 55

A freshwater habitat formed by flowing water.

Answer 55

Freshwater rivers

Question 56

A freshwater habitat formed by standing water.

Answer 56

Lakes

Question 57

A freshwater habitat formed by fast-flowing streams at higher elevations.

Answer 57

Highland streams

Question 58

A region with a high concentration of endemic species and significant habitat loss.

Answer 58

Global hotspot

Question 59

The presence of marine species unique to a specific region.

Answer 59

Marine endemism

Question 60

Species that are only found in a specific area, such as many fish species in the Philippines.

Answer 60

Unique to the region / Not found anywhere else in the world

Question 61

Factors negatively impacting Osteichthyes diversity, such as overfishing and pollution.

Answer 61

Numerous threats

Question 62

Catching fish faster than populations can replenish.

Answer 62

Overfishing

Question 63

Fishing methods that damage habitats or non-target species.

Answer 63

Destructive fishing practices

Question 64

The decline in quality of a natural environment.

Answer 64

Habitat degradation

Question 65

Contamination of the environment by harmful substances.

Answer 65

Pollution

Question 66

Long-term shifts in global or regional climate patterns.

Answer 66

Climate change

Question 67

Actions taken to protect species and habitats, such as marine protected areas and sustainable fishing.

Answer 67

Conservation efforts

Question 68

Groups of fish of the same species living in a particular area.

Answer 68

Fish populations

Question 69

Designating specific ocean or coastal areas for conservation.

Answer 69

Establishment of marine protected areas

Question 70

Adopting fishing methods that ensure the long-term health of fish populations and ecosystems.

Answer 70

Implementation of sustainable fishing practices

Question 71

Conservation efforts that involve local communities in planning and execution.

Answer 71

Community-based conservation initiatives