Lab P2: Reproduction

Question 1

the ovary is always surrounded by the anterior portion of the ____ and
the ____ always is between the ________ and the _______

Answer 1

oviduct, ovary and the uterus.

Question 2

Describe the ovaries on a horse.

Answer 2

Shaped like a kidney,
ovulation fossa in
center, no external
ovarian structures

Question 3

Describe the ovaries on a Pig

Answer 3

Shaped like a bunch of
grapes, numerous CLs
and/or CAs if mature

Question 4

Describe the ovaries on a Cow

Answer 4

Oval like an egg, CL
protrude prominently
above surface

Question 5

Describe the ovaries on sheep and goats.

Answer 5

Identical to that found
in cows but much
smaller, usually have
multiple CLs / CAs

Question 6

Describe the Uterus on a horse

Answer 6

large body with short
horns

Question 7

Describe the Uterus on a pig

Answer 7

Large, long horns
with short body

Question 8

Describe the Uterus on a cow

Answer 8

Large body with short
horns

Question 9

Describe the Uterus on a sheep or goat

Answer 9

Predominant body
with slightly longer
horns than found in
cows

Question 10

Describe the penis of a Horse

Answer 10

Large diameter with
“mushroom-like”
head

Question 11

Describe the penis of a Pig

Answer 11

Spiral tip with
counterclockwise
rotation

Question 12

Describe the penis of a Bull

Answer 12

Long, slender with
tapered end

Question 13

Describe the penis of a Ram or goat

Answer 13

Thin projection from
the tip of penis.

Question 14

_____ are fluid-filled circles that
resemble “_______”.

Answer 14

Follicles, Blisters.

Question 15

What color are CLs in sows?

Answer 15

Red, pink, or gray.

Question 16

What color are CLs in cows?

Answer 16

Yellow, orange, or grey.

Question 17

CAs look like what?

Answer 17

Small, avascular structures that are white.

Question 18

Full name for CLs?

Answer 18

Corpora Lutea

Question 19

Full name for CAs?

Answer 19

Corpora albicantia.

Question 20

Explain how follicles work?

Answer 20

They contain ova

-They either grow and ovulate or die.

Question 21

Explain how CL’s develop.

Answer 21

A follicle ovulates, it releases its ovum. Then it becomes a corpus luteum.

Question 22

Explain how CA’s develop.

Answer 22

A CL regresses or its destroyed. The tissue remains on the ovary and is now a CA.
Its basically scar tissue.

Question 23

How can you tell if a female is immature.

Answer 23

ONLY follicles. No CA or CL. She hasn’t ovulated.

Question 24

CL are present when??

Answer 24

CL are present during preganancy and in the luteal phase of estrous.

Question 25

Large follicles are present when?

Answer 25

During the follicular phase or towards the end of lactation.

Question 26

Describe what might be present during the prepuberal phase.

Answer 26

The follicles are all different sizes. Generally, the larger they are the closer the female is to puberty. NO CLs or CAs

Question 27

Describe what is present during the mature, follicular phase of estrous cycle or lactation.

Answer 27

Medium to large follicles. No CLs multiple CAs depending on how many times the female has ovulated or pregnant.

Question 28

Describe what is present during the mature, luteal phase or pregnancy.

Answer 28

Small to medium follicles. CL is present. CA's may or may not be present. It depends on if it is the females first time ovulating or being pregnant.

Question 29

The maternal portion of the placentome is called the _____. The fetal portion of the placentome is called the _____.

Answer 29

Caruncle. Cotyledon.

Question 30

What are necrotic tips? What kind of animals are they located in and what is their purpose?

Answer 30

Dead tissue on the ends of the placenta of the different fetuses. It is only present in litter bearing species to stop disease transfer from different fetuses.

Question 31

There are three different portions of the placentae?

Answer 31

The Amnion, allantois, and chorionic sac.

Question 32

Describe the amnion.

Answer 32

The portion of the placentae that is directly around the fetus.

Question 33

Describe the allantois.

Answer 33

Feeds into the amnion portion of the placentae. Separate sac coming down from the fetus.

Question 34

Describe the chorion sac.

Answer 34

The rest of the placenta tissue.

Question 35

What does the ovary do?

Answer 35

Production and release of Ova. Production of estrogen and progesterone.

Question 36

What does the oviduct do?

Answer 36

transport of unfertilized ova. Fertilization. Early embryonic development

Question 37

What does the uterus do?

Answer 37

Sperm transport after breeding. Support fetus development during preganancy.

Question 38

What does the Cervix do?

Answer 38

Isolation of uterus during pregnancy In sows, it is a site of semen deposition.

Question 39

What does the broad ligament do?

Answer 39

Phsyically supports the uterus.

Question 40

What does the vagina do?

Answer 40

Produces secretions that help neutralize invading organism. Site of semen deposition for most animals.

Question 41

What does the vulva do?

Answer 41

Expression of sexual receptivity. Production of female sex pheromones.

Question 42

What do the testis do?

Answer 42

Production of spermatozoa. Production of testosterone and other androgens.

Question 43

What do the epididymis do?

Answer 43

Maturation and storage of sperm.

Question 44

What does the vas deferens do?

Answer 44

Sperm trasnport.

Question 45

What does the Urethra do?

Answer 45

sperm transport. Mixes sperm with secretions from secondary sex glands.

Question 46

What do the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 46

Production of fluids in semen. Usually contributes the largest volume.

Question 47

WHat do the bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 47

Production of fluids in semen, usually the "gel" fraction.

Question 48

What does the penis do?

Answer 48

Deposition of semen into female reproduction tract.

Question 49

What does the sheath do?

Answer 49

Protection of penis. Production of male pheromones in some species.

Question 50

What is unique about the ovaries from a horse?

Answer 50

No visible ovarian structures. The oviduct doesn't surround ovary. Ovulation fossa.

Question 51

How many ovarian structures can you see on the outside of the equine ovary?

Answer 51

NONE

Question 52

What is unique about the oviduct in the horse?

Answer 52

Connects to only one place on ovary. Doesn't surround it entirely.

Question 53

Why does the uterus of the horse have a large uterine body?

Answer 53

Typically has one foal that is large so needs lots of space and support.

Question 54

If you are reading a growth chart and it is in mm, what do you do??

Answer 54

Multiply your centimeter measurements by 10. 10 mm = 1 cm.

Question 55

What is the function of the cotyledon on sheep/cattle fetus?

Answer 55

Nutrient exchange and waste removal.

Question 56

Which female has the longest cervix?

Answer 56

Sow.

Question 57

What is the best way to tell the difference between a tract from a ewe/doe and one from a cow?

Answer 57

Size.

Question 58

What is the best way to tell that you are looking at a reproductive tract from a ram/buck?

Answer 58

The probocus! The tip of the penis has a projection.

Question 59

What is common about the orientation of the epididymis and the testicles in both male tracts.

Answer 59

The epididymi form a "C" around testicle.

Question 60

If the question asks for an animal, then you give what??

Answer 60

You have to give the correct name for the male or female animal for the species. Ex: Boar, sow, bull, cow, mare, ewe, ram, buck, doe.

Question 61

If the question asks for a species, what is it asking for?

Answer 61

Generic terms. Ex: Pig, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats. Porcine, bovine, ovine, caprine, equine, feline.