Lab panels 1

Question 1

Types of RBC

Answer 1

Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
MCV
MCH
MCHC
RDW

Question 2

Blood made up of

Answer 2

RBC
Platelets
WBC

Question 3

Types of WBC (5)

Answer 3

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophiles
Basophiles

Question 4

Lab RBC

Answer 4

Standard:
-Male 4.2 - 5.8
-Female 3.8 - 5.1

Optimal:
M 4.2 - 4.9
F 3.9 - 4.5

ALARM:
-M > 5.8
-F > 5.1

Question 5

Nutrients NB for RBC (10)

Answer 5

Iron, copper, zinc
Manganese, Vit C, B1, B3, B6, B12, folate

Question 6

Anemia vs dehydration

Answer 6

Decreased RBC - anemia
Increased relative RBC concentration - Decreased blood plasma d/t dehydration

Question 7

Short term dehydration labs

Answer 7

Hemoglobin
<14.5 (F)
<15 M

Hematocrit
<44% F
<48% M

RBC
<4.5 F
<4.9 M

Question 8

Long term dehydration

Answer 8

Albumin >5.0
BUN >16
Total protein >7.4

Question 9

Cx decreased RBC (6)

Answer 9

Anemia (iron, B12/folate, B6 and copper)
Internal bleeding /loss
Nutrient deficiency
Inflammation
Pregnancy
Chronic dx: ca, AI, kidney dx, sickle cell, thalassemia or hemolytic anemia

Question 10

Cx RBC increased (5)

Answer 10

Dehydration
Hypoxia
Respiratory dx
Polycythemia Vera
Spleen hypofxn

Question 11

Basics Hemoglobin (3)

Answer 11

Oxygen carrying molecule of RBC
HGB is in direct proportion to O2 binding capacity of blood
Testosterone use can = increased HGB and HCT

Question 12

Hemoglobin Labs

Answer 12

Standard:
11.7 - 15.5 F
13.2 - 17.1 M

Optimal:
13.5 - 14.5 F
14 - 15 M

Alarm range
> 15.5 F
>17.1 M

Question 13

Hemoglobin (anemia vs dehydration)

Answer 13

Decreased HGB = decreased RBC or anemia

Increased HGB = increased RBC production or decreased volume (dehydration)

Question 14

Hematocrit

Answer 14

Measures % of RBCs in blood
Increased HCT = increased marrow production
Decreased HCT = blood loss or increased RBC destruction

Question 15

Hematocrit Labs

Answer 15

SRR:
F 35% - 45%
M 38.5% g 50%

Optimal
F 37 - 44%
M 40-48%

Alarm range
F<32 or > 55%
M <32 or > 55

Question 16

Hematocrit Decreased

Answer 16

Anemia
Nutrient def
Pregnancy
Bone marrow insufficiency
Increased breakdown of spleen or liver
Chronic dx

Question 17

Hematocrit increased

Answer 17

Dehydration
Exogenous testosterone or hormone use
Hypoxia
Respiratory dx
Smoking
Polycythemia Vera
Spleen hypofxn

Question 18

Hemoglobin management

Question 19

Hematocrit management

Question 20

Reticulocyte count

Answer 20

Young RBC

SRR 0.5 - 1.5
Optimal 0.5 - 1.5
Alarm >3

(microscopic bleeds, sickle cell, thalassemia)

Question 21

Reticulocyte count

Answer 21

Increased- occult bleeding, increased haemolysis

Decreased - anemia

Question 22

Anemia vs dehydration

Answer 22

Anemia - low RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit

Dehydration - high RBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit

Question 23

MCV

Answer 23

Mean capsular volume
Measures volume or size of RBC

Indicates: cell is normal, microcytic or macrocytic

May be normal with folic acid or iron deficiency anemia

SRR: 81 - 99
Optimal : 82 - 89.9
Alarm >99

Question 24

MCV optimal and inc vs dec

Answer 24

82 - 89.9

Decreased:
Iron deficient anemia
B6 anemia
Heavy menstruation
Vitamin C def

Increased:
B12/folate anemia
Hypochlohydria
Alcoholism
Hypothyroid
Liver dx
Pernicious anemia

Question 25

MCH what is it?

Answer 25

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Average weight of hemoglobin in RBC Along with MCV can determine if B6, B12 or folic acid anemia

Question 26

MCH labs

Answer 26

SRR 26 - 33 Optimal 28 - 31.9 Alarm > 33

Question 27

MCHC what is it and labs

Answer 27

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration Measures then concentration of hemoglobin in RBC SRR 32 - 36 Optimal 32 - 35 Alarm >36

Question 28

MCV, MCH and MCHC

Answer 28

All increased: Hypochlohydria/b12/folate All Decreased: iron deficiency, B6, heavy bleeding, vit C def

Question 29

What is RDW

Answer 29

Random disturbution weight Indicates consistency of size Elevated RDW associated with folic / b12 anemia

Question 30

RDW labs

Answer 30

SRR 11 - 15 Optimal 11.7 - 13 Alarm >16

Question 31

Anemia - 5 primary classifications

Answer 31

Nutritional anemia Anemia of chronic dx or inflammation Hemolytic anemia (abnormal RBC breakdown) Abnormal hemoglobin (thalassemia and sickle cell) Aplastic anemia (bone marrow dysfunction)

Question 32

Symptoms of anemia

Answer 32

Central - fatigue, dizziness, fainting Muscular - weakness Respiratory - shortness of breath Intestinal - changed stool colour Eye - yellowing Heart - palpitations, rapid HR, chest pain, angina, heart attack Skin - paleness, coldness, yellowness Spleen - enlarged

Question 33

Nutrient-deficient Anemia

Answer 33

Most commom: iron and folate/B12 20% woman 50% pregnancy 3% men RBC, HGB, HCT key markers

Question 34

Deficient vegans anemia symptoms

Answer 34

Craving ice Craving dark chocolate

Question 35

Nutrient-deficient Anemia sxs symptoms

Answer 35

Pale skin Non - distinct lip colour Vertigo Frequent / low grade headaches Tinnitus Pounding pulse Fatigue / drowsiness Irritability Poor brain function Immune compromise pale mucous membranes /nail beds Shortness of breath after minimal effort Fissures( pointing down) of mouth Concave/brittle nails Husky voice Tongue inflammation Difficulty swallowing Depression / anxiety

Question 36

Anemia quick screen

Answer 36

Eyes for yellowing Lip colour Capillary refill

Question 37

N-D anemia common causes

Answer 37

Poor iron intake Hypochlohydria Maldigestion Nut deficiency Malabsorption Long term vegan/veg diet Heavy menstrual bleeding Uterine fibroids Hemorrhoids Occult GI bleeding (ulcers polyps, NSAID use) Pregnancy Intestinal parasites

Question 38

Other Underlying causes of ND anemia

Answer 38

Decreased RBC bone marrow Chemical suppression Dysfunction Increased RBC destruction (sickle cell anemia) Increased number of RBCs held in spleen due to hypertension or chemo

Question 39

Serum markers for anemia

Answer 39

Primary: RBC, HGB, HCT Secondary (for type): MCV, MCH, MCHC Iron panel