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Biology 120 > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

• Catalysts

A

substance that speeds up a reaction without being changed in the process.

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1
Q

Two types of microscopes

A

The dissecting and compound microscope.

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2
Q

• Enzyme

A

a protein that serves as a biological catalyst, changing the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed into a different molecule in the process

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3
Q

• Substrate

A
  • a substance that an enzyme acts on
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4
Q

substrate from lab

A

hydrogen peroxide

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5
Q

enzyme from lab

A

catalase

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6
Q

end products from lab

A

water & oxygen

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7
Q

blended up liver is called the

A

homogenate

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8
Q

enzymes are highly ____________.

A

specific

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9
Q

as the concentration of enzyme increases….

A

the rate of enzyme reaction increases

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10
Q

enzymes work best at the temperature ________.

A

they are designed for

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11
Q

we used ______ to make our concentration more acidic and _____ to make our solutions basic.

A

hydrochloric acid & sodium hydroxide

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12
Q

Two basic functions of a microscope.

A

Magnification and resolving power

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13
Q

Magnification

A

the increase in the apparent size of an object

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14
Q

Resolving power

A

a measure of the clarity of an image; it is the ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as separate

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15
Q

Three features of a dissecting microscope.

A

 You would use a dissecting microscope rather than a compound microscope to view opaque objects or objects that light cannot pass through  Dissecting microscopes have much lower total magnification than compound microscopes  Dissecting microscopes do not invert the image of the item under view

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16
Q

enzymes work best at what pH?

A

The one they are designed for… 7

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17
Q

What are the four molecules of life?

A

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

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18
Q

Organic molecule

A

• Organic molecule - carbon containing compounds produced by living organisms

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19
Q

The organic molecules in our food are used to

A

o provide energy to our cells o provide the molecules of life (building blocks) to make new cells and cell products

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20
Q

Fatty acids are the ______.

A

Monomer. (Smallest part)

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21
Q

Types of lipids

A

triglycerides (fats & oils), phospholipids (major component of cell membranes) steroids (including cholesterol & steroid hormones)

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22
Q

Define hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Lipids are…

A

• Lipids are hydrophobic - they do not mix with water o Hydrophilic – molecules that mix with water

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23
Q

Triglycerides can be broken into 2 categories

Study These Flashcards
A

Unsaturated (from plants) liquid Saturated (from animals) solid

24
Which molecule has the most calories per gram?
Lipids
25
Saturation
o saturation – based on the number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon in the molecule
26
hydrogenation
o hydrogenation - the process of increasing the number of hydrogen atoms attached to carbon atoms (increasing the saturation) in an unsaturated fat • used to make solid margarine from liquid plant-based oil
27
Emulsifier
Emulsifier - chemical used to help mix lipids and water o an emulsifier has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties o common example: dish soap
28
Carbohydrates
• These molecules are the most common fuel (energy) molecule for living cells
29
Benedict's reagent
• Benedict’s reagent - chemical that reacts and changes color in the presence of most monosaccharides and disaccharides (excluding sucrose) but does not react in the presence of polysaccharides o Negative test = stays sky blue o Positive test = changes to green, yellow, red to brown
30
Iodine
• Iodine (Lugol’s solution)- a chemical that reacts and changes color in the presence of starch (a common polysacharide) o Negative test = light yellow or yellowish brown o Positive test = dark blue-black or very dark purple
31
Proteins
• Proteins serve as enzymes, some hormones, and structural components of tissues
32
Features of a compound microscope.
 Be able to explain & visualize that compound microscopes invert the image of a specimen. (e.g. what does the letter “f” look like under the compound scope?)  The relationship between “depth of field” and magnification is an inverse relationship (as one increases the other decreases)  Know the basic procedures of using the microscope (e.g. only use coarse focus with scanning objective lens; put microscopes away with scanning lens in place & stage lowered; only use lens paper to clean the lenses; etc.)
33
1. Plants and animal cells are examples of what type of cells (unlike bacterial cells)
1. Eukaryotes
34
2. Name two structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not
2. Cell walls, central vacuoles, chloroplasts
35
3. Name the two main types of cells in the blood.
3. Leukocytes (white blood cells) and erythrocytes (red blood cells)
36
4. Where does the substrate bind on the enzyme?
4. The active site
37
5. The respiration process performed by yeast and involved in rising of bread is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
5. Fermentation
38
6. A denatured enzyme loses its shape and thus, loses its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
6. Ability to function
39
7. What function of the microscope is defined as the increase in the apparent size of an object?
7. Magnification
40
8. As the magnification increases, the depth of field (the distance between the nearest and farthest parts of the specimen that are in focus):
8. Decreases
41
9. Which microscope inverts the image in the field of view?
9. Compound microscope
42
10. What is the term for a chemical that helps mix lipids and water?
10. Emulsifier
43
11. To make a positive control test for the presence of sugar, would you add H20 or 5% glucose to your Benedicts reagent?
11. 5% glucose
44
12. Which molecule of life is typically hydrophobic?
12. Lipids
45
13. Name one type of symbiotic relationship
13. Parasitism or mutualism (there is also commensalism, but we did not cover that)
46
14. A plant that lives and reproduces for many years is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
14. Perennial
47
15. The honeysuckle plant or the Bradford pear tree, introduced into its non-native habitat and growing out of control is an example of what type of species?
15. Invasive
48
16. Once your data is plotted, what must be determined before you can determine whether to accept or reject a hypothesis?
16. Whether your data sets are different
49
17. If the data from two groups plotted on a number line overlap, what can we conclude about the experimental groups?
17. They are not different
50
18. What is the purpose of the negative control group?
18. Something to compare the experimental group to, a baseline, a way to see what a negative result will look like.
51
o Annual
– a plant that lives and reproduces during a 1 year time span
52
o Biennial
– a plant that lives and reproduces during a 2 year time span, often reproducing the second year
53
• Levels of ecological organization
o Population – members of one species in a given area o Community – all of the living things in a given area o Ecosystem – both the living and nonliving elements of a particular area that interact and affect the life in that area
54
Nonpoint pollution
pollution that enters the environment from widespread origins, especially as the result of runoff after rain
55
Levels of energy transfer in the living world
o Producers (autotrophs) – o Primary consumers – o Secondary consumers – o Decomposers –
56
ecology
he study of the interactions between organisms and between organisms and their nonliving environment
57
Cell theory
o All living things are composed of cells and the products of cells o All cells come from previously existing cells o Cells are the fundamental units of life • Tissues – groups of cells of the same type involved
58
The building blocks of proteins are
Amino acids

Biology 120 (8 decks)

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