Lab Practical 1

Question 1

What works with the nervous system to coordinate the activity of cells in order to control growth and homeostasis in the body?
- Influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones transported in the blood to target cells

Answer 1

The Endocrine system

Question 2

Responses in the endocrine system occur more _______ but tend to last ________ than those of the nervous system

Answer 2

Slowly; longer

Question 3

What is the endocrine system composed of?

Answer 3

endocrine glands and endocrine tissue

Question 4

An organ that secrets one or more chemical messenger (hormone)

Answer 4

endocrine gland

Question 5

What are examples of endocrine glands?

Answer 5

Thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, and pineal. (TAPPP)

Question 6

What are examples of endocrine tissue?

Answer 6

Pancreas, adipose, thymus, hypothalamus, heart, kidneys, gastro-intestinal and gonads. (PATHH K GIG)

Question 7

How does the adrenal medulla make adrenaline and noradrenalin

Answer 7

Start with the amino acid tyrosine

Question 8

Why is tyrosine so important?

Answer 8

It makes epinipherine, norepinephrine, dopamine, melanin, and the thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Question 9

If the amino acid phenylalnine cannot be converted into tyrosine, __ / _______________ will result

Answer 9

PKU; Phenylketonuria

Question 10

What is Phenylketonuria

Answer 10

a genetic disorder caused by the mutation in the gene for the liver enzyme (PAH) rendering it nonfunctional

Question 11

True or False: The pancreas is an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 12

to release insulin (glucose in the cells) and Glucagon (glucose gone from the cells)

Question 13

Insulin ______ blood glucose and glucagon ______ blood glucose

Answer 13

decreases; increases

Question 14

Produce estrogen and progesterone during puberty

Answer 14

Female - ovaries

Question 15

1. Promotes maturation of the reproductive organs and breast
2. promotes cyclic changes in the uterine lining during menstruation
3. Prepare mammary gland for lactation

Answer 15

Estrogen

Question 16

1. promote cyclic changes in the uterine lining during menstruation
2. quiets uterine muscle during pregnancy
3. prepares breast tissue for lactation

Answer 16

Progesterone

Question 17

Produce testosterone during puberty
1. promote maturation of the reproductive systems

2. development of male secondary sex characteristics
3. responsible for sex drive

Answer 17

Male - testes

Question 18

What are the characteristics of blood

Answer 18

1. viscous
2. bright red when oxygenated
3. dark red when deoxygenated
4. a connective tissue
5. 55% plasma (>90% water)
6. 45% formed elements

Question 19

how many liters of blood do males have versus females?

Answer 19

Male = 5-6 L
Female = 4-5 L

Question 20

90% water

contains salts ( Na, K, Mg, Cl, and HC03-)

Proteins ( albumin, fibrinogen, antibodies)
Nutrients, waste, gases, hormones

Answer 20

Plasma (55% of blood)

Question 21

Contains:
Erythrocytes (45%)
Leucocytes ( <1%)
platelets (<1%)

Answer 21

Formed elements

Question 22

How many days does it take a neutrophil to develop and what is tis life span

Answer 22

D: 14days
LS: 6hrs -few

Question 23

How many days does it take a Esoinophil to develop and what is its life span

Answer 23

D: 14 days and
LS: 5days

Question 24

How long does it take for a basophil to develop and how long is its life span?

Answer 24

D: 1-7 days
LS: hours - days

Question 25

How long does it take for a Lymphocyte to develop and how long is it's life span?

Answer 25

D: Days - weeks LS: Hours - years

Question 26

How long does it take for a Monocyte to develop and how long is it's life span

Answer 26

D: 1-3 days LS: Months

Question 27

What is the function of a neutrophil white blood cell?

Answer 27

Phagocytize bacteria

Question 28

What is the function of Eosinophil white blood cell?

Answer 28

To kill parasitic worms. A complex role in allergy and asthma

Question 29

what is a the function of a basophil

Answer 29

Release histamine for inflammation and contain heparin

Question 30

What is the function of a lymphocyte white blood cell?

Answer 30

to attack cells and produce antibodies

Question 31

What it the function of a monocyte white blood cell?

Answer 31

to turn into macrophages and phagocytose

Question 32

kidney shaped nucleus, abundant pale blue cytoplasm

Answer 32

Monocyte

Question 33

Large spherical nucleus, thin rim of pale blue cytoplasm

Answer 33

Lymphocyte

Question 34

Bilobed nucleus, purplish-black cytoplasmic granules

Answer 34

Basophil

Question 35

bilobed nucleus, red cytoplasmic granules

Answer 35

Esonophil

Question 36

Mulitlobed nuleus, pale red and blue cytoplasmic grnaules

Answer 36

Neurtophils

Question 37

Small ligament attached to the superior surface of the pulmonary trunk and the inferior surface of the aortic arch

Answer 37

Ligamentum arteriosum ( arterial ligament)

Question 38

A band of tough, fibrous, dense regular connective tissue

Answer 38

Ligament

Question 39

Small, protruding, wrinkled pouches that increase the volume of the atria (right is usually larger than left)

Answer 39

Auricles

Question 40

A collection of veins joined together at the terminal portion of the great cardiac vein, lying in the coronary large vessel that collects blood from the heart muscle. it deleivers deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Answer 40

Coronary Sinus

Question 41

Parallel ridges of muscle on the inner wall of the right atrium and right and left aruicles of the heart

Answer 41

Pectinate muscles

Question 42

Irregular muscular columns on the inner surface of the ventricles of the heart

Answer 42

Trabeculae carnea

Question 43

Structures that allow blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation. They play a critical role in the shunting oxygenated blood to the fetal brain

Answer 43

Fetal cardiac shunts

Question 44

What are the fetal shunts

Answer 44

The ductus arteriosus, The foramen ovale, and the ductus venosus

Question 45

a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aortic arch

Answer 45

Ductus Arteriosus

Question 46

An opening in the septum between the two atria of the heart

Answer 46

Foramen Ovale

Question 47

Shnunts approx. half of the blood flow of the umbilical vein from the placenta directly to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

Answer 47

The ductus Venosus

Question 48

A depression in the septum between the right and left atria where the foramen ovale was previously located in the fetal heart

Answer 48

Foass Ovalis

Question 49

What is the maximum pressure created in the right ventricle

Answer 49

20 mmHg

Question 50

What is the maximum pressure created in the left ventricle

Answer 50

120mmHg

Question 51

Blood pressure is measured using a device called a...

Answer 51

Sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope

Question 52

A technique which is the act of listening to body sounds for diagnostic purposes

Answer 52

Auscultation

Question 53

What is a healthy blood pressure

Answer 53

120/80

Question 54

What blood pressure requires immediate attention

Answer 54

180/120

Question 55

Thinner wall than the other ventricle of the heart, crescent shape and wraps around the other ventricle

Answer 55

Right ventricle

Question 56

Thicker wall than the other ventricle and round in shape

Answer 56

Left ventricle

Question 57

cells that are attached to each other and arranged in spiral bundles that effectively link all parts of the heart together

Answer 57

Cardiac muscle cells