Lab Practical Flashcards

Question

What is cyanobacteria responsible for?

Answer 1

oxygen rich atmospher nitrogen fixation

Answer 2

Oscillatoria spp. * A type of cynobacteria * Found in most aquactic habitats * looks like a book shelf

Answer 3

Merismopedia spp. * Cynobacteria * flattened colonies of cells * usually allined in gropus of four * looks like a blanket

Answer 4

Gleocapspa * Nitrogen fixation with out heterocyst * Cyanobacteria * Gelaantinous sheath

Answer 5

Spirulina * looks like coiled ropes

Answer 6

Anabaena spp. Heterocyst * clear, round/oval * N fixation (means of taking out of atmospher into something we can use) * need nitrogen for protein synthesis Akinete * larger, round/oval * Densely packed w/sporelike reproductive cells Barrel shaped cells * Love nitrogen, but can explode w/ to much. Blue/green algae, have phycobilin pigment, helps organism use sunlight and turn into energy * responsible for oxygen, life on earth * only a few are toxic (St. Johns River)

Answer 7

Photosynthetic organisms changed the early conditions on planet earth with their production of oxygen through photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria are Gram negative photoautotrophs and use specialized red, blue and purple pigments called phycobilins to convert light energy. Living as colonies in filaments surrounded by sheaths or spherical colonies encapsulated with gelatinous matrix, cyanobacteria are classified in the Domain Bacteria though many of them have the ability to live under extreme conditions. Many cyanobacteria are able to fix nitrogen using heterocysts. **During taxing environmental conditions, cyanobacteria are able to produce akinetes which enable their genome to be dormant and protected within a case-like spore until conditions are hospitable again.**

Answer 8

A family of plants known as legumes has a symbiotic relationship with a genus of bacteria known as Rhizobium. Rhizobium invade the root cells of a legume and form a nodule. In the nodule the bacteria live and convert N2 by a process called nitrogen fixation into the usable form NH3. The legume in turn supplies the Rhizobium with sugar produced by photosynthesis.

Answer 9

A chain of cocci = streptococci A cluster of cocci = staphylococci

Answer 10

Gloeocapsa

Answer 11

* It denatures the protiens on the surface of the bacteria causing them to be sticky. * It prevents the bacteria from washing off the slide during staining. * Helps the cells adhere to the slide so that they can be stained. Heat Fixation in Microbiology is normally used for bacteria.

Answer 12

* cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll which means they can photosynthesize and make their own food * Cyanobacteria are relatives of the bacteria, not eukaryotes, and it is only the chloroplast in eukaryotic algae to which the cyanobacteria are related. * Other types of bacteria are chemotrophs like rizobacteria using nitrogen oxidation as an energy source. These are called Nitrosomonas and are autotrophic but not photoautotrophs like cyanobacteria. * The rest of the bacteria are heterotrophs that consume energy autotrophs have fixed. These are osmotrophs. They secrete digestive enzymes onto the nutrient source then absorb what they need.

Answer 13

A silique is a long seed vessel or a pod of plants. Weighing each pod could be used as a measure of growth. If there is a lower weight, that could indicate minimal growth which could be an indicator of allelopathy.

Answer 14

1. Define a problem (Observations) 2. Form a hypothesis 3. Experimentation 4. Analzye & Form Conclusion 5. Communicate Results

Answer 15

The null hypothesis predicts what will happen if there is no difference between all of the groups or treatments within an experiment.

Answer 16

1. Ex: There will be no difference in fitness between descendants and ancestral populations 2. Ex: There is no difference between blood type

Answer 17

Independent variable is an item in the experiment that is tested or manipulated.

Answer 18

1. Examples may include testing conditions such as temperature, time, and lighting. 2. Another example might include the exposure of a test subject to a particular substance, chemical, or treatment.

Answer 19

Dependent variables involve the response to changes in the independent variable. It is the component of the experiment that is observed, measured, or counted.

Answer 20

Examples may include color changes, behaviors, reaction times, or measurements of particular body functions such breathing and blood pressure.

Answer 21

Controlled variables conditions under which the independent variable is tested must be standardized or made constant.

Answer 22

Experimental group is composed of subjects that are exposed to the same independent variable.

Answer 23

Control group subjects are exposed to all of the same conditions (controlled variables) as they are in the experimental group(s) except for the independent variable.

Answer 24

1. No net mutation must take place (no spontaneous changes to alleles). 2. Mating occurs randomly so each organism has an equal chance of mating. 3. The size of the population is very large. 4. No migration occurs (no movement of genes in and out of the population). 5. No selection occurs.

Answer 25

1. Materials & Methods - So others can replicate your experiment 2. Results - Summary of the findings from the experiment 3. Introduction -Familiarize readers with: (Background information & Purpose of the research) 4. Discussion - Explain and interpret the results 5. Abstract -Quick reference 250 words or less Summarize each section Intro to the purpose of the research (1-2 sentences) Brief description of the materials/methods (1-2 sentences) Overall results (1-2 sentences) Brief conclusion (1-2 sentences) 6. References - Give credit