Lab practical 2 Flashcards
(239 cards)
1
Q
Name the organ labelled A
A
Larynx (Thyroid cartilage)
2
Q
Name the organ labelled B
A
Trachea
3
Q
Name the organ labelled C
A
Right Lung
4
Q
Name the organ labelled D
A
Left Lung
5
Q
Name the organ labelled E
A
Heart
6
Q
Name the organ labelled F
A
Diaphragm
7
Q
Name the organ labelled G
A
Liver
8
Q
Name the organ labelled H
A
Stomach
9
Q
Name the organ labelled I
A
Transverse Colon
10
Q
Name the organ labelled J
A
Small Intestine
11
Q
Name the organ labelled K
A
Sigmoid Colon
12
Q
Name the structure labelled A
A
Urinary bladder
13
Q
Name the structure labelled B
A
Urethra
14
Q
Name the structure labelled G
A
Testis
15
Q
Name the structure labelled C
A
Vas (ductus) deferens
16
Q
Name the structure labelled D
A
Spermatic cord
17
Q
Name the structure labelled E
A
Penis
18
Q
Name the structure labelled F
A
Epididymis
19
Q
Name the structure labelled H
A
Scrotum
20
Q
Which measurement is shown labelled A?
A
Tidal Volume
21
Q
Which measurement is shown labelled B?
A
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
22
Q
Which measurement is shown labelled C?
A
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
23
Q
Which measurement is shown labelled D?
A
Residual Volume (RV)
24
Q
Which measurement is shown labelled E?
A
Vital Capacity (VC)
25
Which measurement is shown labelled F?
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
26
Which measurement is shown labelled G?
functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
27
Which measurement is shown labelled H?
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
28
What is the formula for calculating Inspiratory Capacity? (IC)
IC= TV + IRV
(Tidal Volume plus Inspiratory reserve volume)
29
What is the formula for calculating Vital Capacity (VC)?
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
(Tidal Volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume)
30
What is the formula for calculating Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) ?
FRC = ERV + RV
(Expiratory reserve volume + Residual Volume)
31
How do we calculate Residual Volume?
We don't, we use average values for males and females respectively
32
What is the Average Residual Volume for a Female?
1.1L
33
What is the Average Residual Volume for a male?
1.2L
34
Why can't RV be measured with a spirometer?
The residual volume is the only lung volume that cannot be measured directly because it is impossible to completely empty the lung of air.
35
What is the formula for calculating Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?
Total Lung Capacity = TV + IRV + ERV + RV
**or** = VC + RV
36
What is Tidal Volume?
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing
37
What is average expected tidal volume ?
500ml
38
What is Inspriratory Reserve Volume?
Amount of air in excess of Tidal Volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort
39
What is average Inspiratory Reserve volume?
3000ml
40
What is Expiratory Reserve Volume?
amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with maximum effort
41
What is average Expiratory Reserve Volume?
1200mL
42
What is Residual Volume?
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; the amlount that can never be voluntarily exhaled
43
What is Vital Capacity?
The amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled with maximum effort; the deepest possible breath
44
What is Inspiratory Capacity?
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration
45
What is functional residual capacity?
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal tidal expiration
46
What is total lung capacity?
Maximum am ount of air the lungs can contain
47
Wht is average TLC?
6L
48
What is the item pictured?
Air Tubing for spirometry
49
What is the item pictured?
Bacterial filter for spirometry
50
What is the item pictured?
Cardboard mouthpiece for spirometry
51
What is the item pictured?
Flow head for spirometry
52
Which part of airflow tubing should be nearest the cardboard mouthpiece/test subject?
Grooved tube marked red
53
How do you read TV on iworx?
Place the first cursor in the trough before inhalation and the second cursor at the peak
54
how do you read IRV on the iworx program?
Place one cursor on the peak of normal breath prior to the maximum inhalation. and the second cursor on the peak of the forced breath cycle
55
How do you read ERV on iworx?
Place the first cursor in the trough before the maximum inhalation and the second cursor on the flatline after the maximum exhalation
56
In the below formulas for predicted vital capacity, what do the H and A stand for?
Female: (0.118872 x **H**) - (0.000252 x **A2** ) - 3.598
Male: (0.148 x **H**) - (0.025 x **B**) - 4.2421
Height in inches
Age
57
What is the formula for calculating the FEV1 /FVC ratio?
FEV1/FVC x 100
58
What is the FEV1 of subject A?
2.5
59
What is the FEV1 of subject B?
2
60
What is the FVC for subject A?
4L
61
What is the FVC for subject B?
2.5L
62
What should an FEV1/FVC ratio be?
\>75%
63
What should % of FVC is normal
\>80%
64
What is the tissue pictured?
Lung tissue
65
What is the structure labelled A?
Simple squamous epithelium of lungs
66
What is the structure labelled B?
Alveoli of lungs
67
What is the tissue slide pictured?
Trachea tissue
68
What is the structure labelled A?
Submucosal Seromucous glands
69
What is the structure labelled B?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelial (ciliated)
70
What is the structure labelled C?
Cilia
71
What is the structure labelled D?
Lumen
72
What is the structure labelled E?
Hyaline cartilage
73
What is the structure labelled A?
Uterus
74
What is the structure labelled B?
Ovary
75
What is the structure labelled C?
Urinary Bladder
76
What is the structure labelled D?
Vagina
77
What is the structure labelled E?
Urethra
78
Name the structure labelled 1 ?
Larynx (thyroid cartilage)
79
Name the structure labelled 2 ?
Trachea
80
Name the structure labelled 3 ?
Lungs
81
Name the structure labelled 4 ?
Esophagus
82
Name the structure labelled 5 ?
Liver
83
Name the structure labelled 6 ?
Gall bladder
84
Name the structure labelled 7 ?
Spleen
85
Name the structure labelled 8 ?
stomach
86
Name the structure labelled 9 ?
Pancreas
87
Name the structure labelled 10 ?
duodenim
88
Name the structure labelled 11 ?
Kidney
89
Name the structure labelled 12 ?
Transverse colon
90
Name the structure labelled 13 ?
Ureters
91
Name the structure labelled 14 ?
Ascending colon
92
Name the structure labelled 15 ?
Cecum
93
Name the structure labelled 16 ?
Appendix
94
Name the structure labelled 17 ?
Jejunum
95
Name the structure labelled 18 ?
Ileum
96
Name the structure labelled 19 ?
Descending colon
97
Name the structure labelled 20?
sigmoid colon
98
Hi there!
99
Name the structure labelled 21 ?
Ovary
100
Name the structure labelled 22 ?
Uterus
101
What is the structure numbered 1?
Lungs
102
What is the structure numbered 2?
Trachea
103
What is the structure numbered 3?
diaphragm
104
What is the structure numbered 4?
Larynx
105
What is the structure numbered 4a?
Epiglottis
106
What is the structure numbered 5?
Greater omentum
107
What is the structure labelled 6?
Liver
108
What is the structure labelled 7?
Gall Bladder
109
What is the structure coloured Blue?
Stomach
110
What is the colored structure?
Duodenim
111
What is the colored structure?
Small intestine
112
What is the colored structure?
Ileum
113
What is the colored structure?
ascending colon
114
What is the colored structure?
transverse colon
115
What is the colored structure?
descending colon
116
What is the colored structure?
Sigmoid Colon
117
What is the colored structure?
Spleen
118
What is the colored structure?
Mesentery
119
What is the colored structure?
Pancreas
120
What is the colored structure?
Appendix (Vermiform)
121
What is the colored structure?
Caecum
122
What is the colored structure?
Esophagus
123
What are the structures labelled 20?
Kidneys
124
What is the structure labelled 21?
Ureters
125
What is the structure labelled 22?
Urinary bladder
126
What is the colored structure?
Male urethra
127
What are the structures labelled 32?
Ovaries
128
what is the structure labelled 29?
Spermatic cord
129
What is the colored structure?
Scrotal Sac (scrotum)
130
What is the colored structure?
Testis
131
What is the colored structure?
Vas (ductus) deferens
132
What is the colored structure?
an excuse to behave like a dick
| (so Jennie must have one!)
133
What is the colored structure?
Epididymus
134
What is the colored structure?
Vagina
135
What is the colored structure?
Uterus
136
What is the colored structure?
Urethra
137
What is the structure labelled 5?
Lungs
138
What is the structure labelled 6?
Gall bladder
139
What is the structure labelled 7?
Liver
140
What is the structure labelled 8?
Small intestine
141
What is the structure labelled 9?
Trachea
142
What is the structure labelled 16?
diaphragm
143
What is the structure labelled 17?
Stomach
144
What is the structure labelled 18?
Greater Omentum
145
What is the structure labelled 14?
Vagina
146
What is the structure labelled 13?
Uterus
147
What is the structure labelled 3?
Ovary
148
What is the structure labelled 1?
Kidney
149
What is the structure labelled 4?
Ureter
150
What is the structure labelled 5?
Urinary Bladder
151
What is the structure labelled 6?
Urethra
152
What are the structures labelled 11 & 22?
Testis
153
What is the structure labelled 19?
Vas (ductus) deferens
154
What is the structure labelled 10?
Penis
155
What is the structure labelled 21?
Spermatic cord
156
What is emulsification?
Emulsification is the **mechanical** process of breaking lipids into smaller droplets of fat
157
What kind of digestion is emulsification?
Mechanical digestion
158
Name the emulsifier used in the lipid digestion experiment
Bile salts
159
What is the function of a bile salt?
physically break up the lipids (mechanical digestion) into smaller droplets which provides more surface area for lipases to then break down the lipids chemically
160
What materials are needed to test the effect of bile salts on emulsification of a lipid?
* 2% Bile salt solution
* Vegetable oil – lipid
* Distilled water
* Two 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes
* Disposable droppers
161
In which tube has emulsification occurred and why?
Test tube 2
Small drops of fat were present in Test Tube 2 indicating emulsification had taken place
162
The attached photo shows the following vials (Lipid digestion experiment)
A: cream, H20
B: Cream, H20, Bile
C Cream, Bile, Lipase
Which shows the most complete digestion, and why?
Vial C
BECAUSE IT CONTAINS ALL NECESSARY REAGENTS FOR COMPLETE DIGESTION (LIPASE, BILE, CREAM)
163
Which PH indicator was used in the lipid digestion experiment?
Bromothymol Blue
164
WhatPH does the blue vial indicate when bromothymol blue is used?
PH of \>7 because fatty acids are present
(Yes, fatty acids are BASIC bitches!)
165
What PH does the yellow vial indicate when Bromothymol is present?
PH \<7 indicating lack of fatty acids (digestion has taken place)
166
What is pancreatic lipase?
an enzyme produced by the pancreatic acinar cells and chemically digests triglycerides
167
What is the role of bile in digestion of lipids using lipase?
The bile begins the process by emulsifying the fat
The smaller droplets resulting have a greater surface area for catabolism by the lipase
168
what is Amylase?
Amylase is a digestive enzyme produced by salivary glands and the pancreas.
It breaks dietary starches (polysaccharides) down into more simple sugars (disaccharides and monosaccharides)
169
What is Lugol's solution?
It is a test for starch.
Purple/ black is positive for starch and progressively lighter as less starch is present.
170
Each vial contains varying concentrations of starch, amylase, and Lugol's solution. In which vial is digestion of starch most complete and why?
F,
Test Tube F indicated the most complete digestion due to its pale purple color.
171
Which substrate, enzymes and reagent were used in the digestion of starch experiment?
substrate: starch solution
enzymes: Amylase
Reagent: Lugol's solution
172
The three vials pictured have Biuret's reagent in them. Which one is negative for protein and why?
A- white indicates the vial is negative for protein
173
The three vials pictured have Biuret's reagent in them. Which one is positive for protein and why?
B- because the purple colouring
174
The three vials pictured have Biuret's reagent in them. Which one indicates protein digestion has occured and why?
C - the pink colour indicates the presence of shorter peptides indicating pepsin has broken down the albumin
175
Why do we use both pepsin and Hcl when demonstrating digestion of proteins.
Pepsin is most active in the presence of acid, as in the stomach. Thus mimicking digestion more accurately
176
Name the organ tissue pictured
Liver tissue
177
Name the cells labelled B
Sinusoids/Hepatocytes
178
Name the structure labelled C
Central Vein
179
Name the organ tissue
Pancreas
180
Name the structure labelled E
Pancreatic islets of langerhans
181
What is the function of the pancreatic islets of langerhans?
Endocrine function (insulin and glucagon)
182
What are the cells labelled g?
Pancreatic Acini
183
What is the function of pancreatic Acini?
Exocrine function (Enzymes for digestion)
184
Name the organ tissue
Esophagus
185
Name the cells labelled P
stratified squamous epithelium
186
Name the organ tissue
Duodenim
187
Name the cells labelled R?
Simple columnar epithelium/villi
188
Name the organ tissue
Uterus
189
Name the layer labelled T
Endometrium
190
Name the layer labelled U
Myometrium
191
Name the cell labelled V
Head of Sperm
192
List the four layers of the GI tract from most superficial to deep
1. SEROSA (ADVENTITIA)
2. MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
3. SUBMUCOSA
4. MUCOSA
193
Name the organ tissue
Ovary
194
Name the structures labelled J
Ovarian follicles
195
Name the cell labelled K
Oocyte
196
Name the organ tissue
Testis
197
Name the structure labelled M
Seminiferous tubules
198
Name the cells labeled N
Leydig (interstitial) cells
199
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Cells
200
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Mucus threads
201
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Casts
202
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Casts
203
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Casts
204
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Casts
205
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Crystals
206
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
crystals
207
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Crystals
208
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Crystals
209
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
crystals
210
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
crystals
211
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
crystals
212
What type of urine sediment is pictured?
Crystals
213
What is turbidity?
visual quality based on clarity of solution.
214
What could cloudy (turbid) urine indicate?
abnormal urine contents such as protein, salts, cells and cellular contents
215
What is specific gravity?
density of a fluid as compared to distilled water;
216
What can specific gravity be an indicator of?
The osmolarity of a fluid
217
What is urine sediment?
microscopic solids that collects at the bottom of a centrifuged urine sample;
218
What is the normal ramge for specific gravity of urine?
1.010 -1.025
219
What is the normal PH range of urine?
4.5-8
220
What is the usual colour of urine?
Light yellow to dark yellow
221
How do we find the correction factor when calculating specific gravity?
Use the hydrometer to measure the specific gravity of distilled water as a base line.
If the gravity is above or below exacty 1.000, you correct your urine reading by the same number
222
Which organ tissue is shown?
Kidney
223
What is the structure labelledA?
Glomerular (bowmans) capsule
224
What is the structure labelled B?
Glomerulus
225
What is the structure labelled C?
Renal tubule
226
What is the structure labelled A?
Bladder
227
What is the structure labelled B?
Urethra
228
What is the structure labelled C?
Penis
229
What is the structure labelled D?
Epididymis
230
What is the structure labelled E?
Testes
231
What is the structure labelled F?
Prostate
232
What is the structure labelled G?
Seminal Vesicle
233
What is the structure labelled H?
Vas Deferens
234
What is the structure labelled I?
Ovary
235
What is the structure labelled J?
Uterus
236
What is the structure labelled K?
Cervix
237
What is the structure labelled L?
Bladder
238
What is the structure labelled M?
Urethral opening
239
What is the structure labelled N?
Vaginal opening
