Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Polyplacophora
A
chitons
2
Q
Gastropoda
A
snails and slugs
3
Q
What class has torsion
A
Gastropoda
4
Q
What is the phylum of polyplacophora, gastropda, bivalvia, and cephalopoda
A
Mollusca
5
Q
Bivalvia
A
clams and relatives
6
Q
cephalopoda
A
squids, octopuses, cuttlefish and nautilus
7
Q
What kind of symmetry do mulluscs have
A
Bilateral
8
Q
Protostome or dueterostome (mullosca)
A
protostome
9
Q
what level of organization (mullosca)
A
organ-level
10
Q
What does the redula do
A
helps break down food
11
Q
Where is the mantle located
A
Right under the shell
12
Q
Where is the mantle cavity located
A
fold in mantle that houses gills, opening for anus
13
Q
where is the visceral mass located
A
enclosed by mantle, houses all major organs
14
Q
What is the foot
A
muscular tissue used for movement, can be drawn into the shell
15
Q
What pylum are the segmented worms
A
Annelida
16
Q
What pylum are the roundworms
A
Nematoda
17
Q
What divide the segments in annelida
A
septa
18
Q
what symmetry do annelida have
A
bilateral
19
Q
What specialized structures are im annelida
A
Pharynx, crop, gizzard
20
Q
What type of skeleton do annelida have
A
hydrostatic skeleton
21
Q
What is secreted by skin and made of collegen in annelida
A
cuticle
22
Q
What is the site of excretion in annelida
A
nephridia
23
Q
What secretes a cocoon in annelida
A
clitellum
24
Q
class polychaeta
A
parapodia (paired feet), NO clitellum EX: clamworm
25
class oligochaeta
permanent clitellum, NO parapodia Ex: earthworms
26
Class hirudinea
clitellum present during reproduction (maturation), anterior and posterior suckers, NO seta or parapodia, EX: leeches
27
Do nematodes have a circulatory or respiratory system
no
28
most nematodes are ____
parasitic
29
Which class of annelida lacks setae
Hirudinea
30
what is the function of parapodia
respiration and locomotion
31
how do leeches benefit from having a sucker at both their anterior and posterior ends
aids in movement along surfaces
32
What is the difference between mollusca and platyhelminthes digestive systems
mollusca have a complete digestive system while patyhelmenthies have an incomplete one
33
A ____ circulatory system offers the advantage of more effecient and faster blood flow, leading to quicker movement
closed
34
Which of the following is a characteristic of polyplacophora
these organisms have 8 distinct plates
35
octopuses belong to which class
cephalopoda
36
Pharyngeal gill slits in terrestrial animals develop into
jaw and inner ear
37
what unique adaptation allows fish to more efficiently diffuse oxygen
counter-current gas exchange
38
what is the function of the lateral line in fish
detecting vibrations in the water
39
What are the 5 charactaristics of chordates (phylum chordata)
1. Notochord
2. Dorsal hollow nerve chord
3. Pharyngeal gill slits
4. post-anal tail
5. Endostyle
40
What is a notochord
an embryonic endoskeleton
41
What is a dorsal hollow nerve chord
anterior end enlarges to form brain
42
What is pharyngeal gill slits
always present in embryonic stages (persist in adults in fish)
43
What is the post-anal tail
Always present in embryonic stages
- Persists in fish, salamader, reptiles, mammals
- absent in frogs, birds, humans
44
What is an endostyle
Portion of the floor of the pharynx and may develop into a thyroid gland
45
Subphylem cephalochordata
lancelets (filter feeders)
46
Subphylum Urochordata
tunicates
47
Subphylum vertebrata
most common recent ancestor of vertebrates, notochord is replaced with segmental vertebrae and a skull
48
Superclass agnatha
jawless fish (earliest)
49
Superclass gnathostoma
have jaws
50
class chondrichthyes
cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates, rays)
51
Class Actinopterygii
bony fish
52
Class sarcoptergii
lobed-finned fishes
53
What is the skeleton made of in sharks and rays
cartilage
54
oviparity
eggs are laid
55
ovoviviparity
internal fertilization, developing embryo recieves nutrients from the egg in the mother and is born live (eggs hatch internally)
56
viviparity
Internal fertilization, developing embryo receives nutrients directly from the mother, is born live
57
What is an anaminotic egg
egg laid in water, permeable, gas exchange
58
What is the function of otoliths
hearing
59
What provides boyancy in bony fish
swim bladders
60
What do fish excrete
ammonia
61
paryngeal gill slits are ____ present in larva and ____ present in adults
always, sometimes
62
Are fish protostome or deuterostome
deuterostome
63
What are some structures unique to fish that allow them to be so successful in aquatic habitats
gill with counter current gas exchange, swim bladders, protrusible jaw, a fine-tuned excretory system
64
What type of skeleton do amphibians have
endoskeleton
65
amphibians are ectothermic what does this mean
they regulate internal body temp via behavioral mechanisms
66
What phylum do amphibians belong to
chordata
67
order Urodela (caudata)
salamanders
68
order anura
frogs and toads
69
order gymophiona
caecilians
70
how to frogs reproduce
amplexus (external)
71
How many chambers are in the heart of an amphibian
3
72
What do amphibians secrete
urea
73
What is used for hearing in amphibians
tympanum
74
Which order exhibits neoteny
urodela (salamanders)
75
What is an anapsid skull
no temporal opening extinct reptiles only
76
what is a diapsid skull
two temporal openings, all extant reptiles (turtles however they lost a pair of openings)
77
What is the shell made of in an amniotic egg
porous, water loss
78
function of chorion in amniotic egg
highloy vascularized, serves in gas exchange
79
What do reptiles secrete
uric acid
79
What is the function of allantois in amniotic egg
storage of metabolic waste
80
how many chambers are in the heart of a reptile
3 - with septa
81
How do reptiles thermoregulate
ectotherms
82
sphenodontidae
tutara
83
squamata
snakes and lizards
84
crocodilia
crocodilians (have 4 chambered heart)
85
testudines
turtles and tortoises (have a diapsid skull)
86
What does the shell of a turtle consist of
dorsal carapace and ventral plastron
87
What is the common name of the group of amphibians that have no legs
caecilians
88
amphibians have what type of egg
anamniotic
89
why do frogs need to move into the sun when they are cold
they can't regulate their own body temp
90
what are individual units in kidneys called
nephrons
91
how do adult frogs respire
with lungs and through skin
92
in amphibians what is the concentrated form of nitrogen excretion
urea
93
what characteristic differentiates reptiles from amphibians and allows them to live independently of water
presence of amniotic eggs
94
What type of skull do lizzards have
diapsid
95
The retention of larval characteristics in mature organism is
neoteny
96
Which mammalian lineage is characterized by laying eggs
monotremes
97
Which order of mammals includes bats
chiropetra
98
mammal skulls are synapsid which means they have ___ pair(s) of temporal openings
1
99
Because they maintain a constant body temp mammals are ____
endotherms
100
What is the term for the thick -walled, dormant structure produced through sexual reproduction in zygomycetes
zygosporangium
101
Which structures are haploid in Rhizopus stolonifer
mycelium, sporangium, gametangium
102
gungi stores energy as
glycogen
103
which is the only group to have a diaphragm
mammals
104
what are alveoli
small air-sacs that increase the surface area of mammalian lungs
105
What are ears called in mammals
pinnae
106
what are whiskers called in mammals
vibrissae
107
What type of skull do mammals have
synapsid
108
What is the function of a soft palate
allow for breathing while chewing, move to make complex sounds
109
how many chambers are in a mammals heart
4
110
What is the function of mammary glads
produce milk
111
what is the function of sweat glands
aids in thermoregulation
112
what is the function of scent glands
aids in communication and reproduction
113
What is the function of a cecum
dead end gut in intestine, contain bacteria to digest plant material
114
what is the function of the rumen
breaks down plant material, microbial community also digested
115
What is waste secreted as in mammals
urea
116
What are monotremes
lay eggs
117
what are marsupials
short gestation period, yong born at an early stage
118
what are placental mammals
longer gestation and presence of a placenta
119
What is the difference between fungal cells and plants
fungal cells do NOT have chloroplasts and are heterotrophic, cell walls are made of chitin, store energy as glycogen
120
hyphae
each of the branching filaments that make up mycelium
121
mycelium
vegetative part of the fungus, consisting of a network of hyphae
122
plasmogamy
fusion of cell cytoplasms
123
karyogamy
fusion of cell nuclei (fertilization)
124
dikaryon
n+n
125
coenocytic (aseptate)
a mycelium that mostly lacks regular septa (and when septa do occur they don't have pores)
126
lower fungi
no prolonged dikaryitic stage coenocytic
127
higher fungi
dikaryotic stage, septate mycelium
128
phylum chytridiomycota
hyphae do NOT regularly septate (coenocytic), Have flagella, no sexual spore
129
Phylum Zygomycota
haploid dominant life cycle, Hyphae do NOT regularly septate (coenocytic)
130
