Lab Practical 2 Flashcards by Emily Ernst

Little Brown Bat

Body: 80-95 mm

Ear height: 13-16mm

Coat: glossy sheen, olive brown to dark yellowish brown back, pale underneath

Tragus: blunt; half the height of pinna

Keel: absent

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Myotis lucifugus

Habitat: temperate, caves, houses, buildings, riparian hunting grounds

Feeding habits: Insectivore (mayflies, chironomid flies)

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Northern (Long-eared) Myotis

Body: 77-92mm

Ear height: 16-19, 3mm long

Coat: light to dark brown, ear/wings/tail membrane naked

Keel: lacks keel

Tragus: sharply pointed tragus; 50% of ear height

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Myotis septentrionalis

Habitat: temperate forests

Feeding habits: insectivore (moths, beetles)

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Indiana Bat**

Body: 73-100mm

Ear height: 12-15mm

Coat: blackish ears and membranes, evenly colored

Keel: obvious keel

Tragus: blunt

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Myotis sodalis

Habitat: forest/mountains, temperate/terrestrial, caves

Feeding habits: insectivore (flies, moths)

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Red bat

Body: 93-117mm

Ear height: 9-13mm

Coat: brick-red to yellowish red, outer tip of hairs white

4 nipples

Tragus: short and blunt

Mammalia

Theria Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Lasiurus borealis

Habitat: temperate, tropical, forests

Feeding habits: insectivore (moths, beetles, flies)

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Hoary bat

Body: 130-150mm

Ear height: 17-19mm

Coat: brown/yellowish brown/tan splashed with white frosts

Keel: calcar is twice as long as the hindfoot and is narrowly keeled on the posterior edge

Tragus: short and blunt

4 nipples

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Lasiurus cinereus

Habitat: temperate/tropical, savanna/forest, urban/suburban

Feeding habits: insectivore (large moths, beetles)

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Silver-haired bat

Body: 90-115mm

Ear height: 15-17mm

Coat: dark brown-black with white frosting

Keel: lacking

Tragus: broad blunt

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Lasionycteris noctivagans

Habitat: temperate forests

Feeding habits: insectivorous (flies, beetles, moths)

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Eastern Pipistrelle

Body: 70-80mm

Ear height: 13-15mm

Coat: golden brown-reddish brown

Keel: lacking

Tragus: long, straight, roundly blunted

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Pipistrellus subflavus

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, savanna/forest, marsh, caves

Feeding habits: insectivorous (beetles, flies, leafhoppers)

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Big brown bat

Body: 110-130mm

Ear height: 16-20mm

Coat: reddish brown, evenly colored

Keel: present, tail extends past uropatagium

Tragus: broad w/rounded tip

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Eptesicus fuscus

Habitat: temperate forest

Feeding habits: insectivorous (beetle specialist)

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Evening bat

Body: 86-103mm

Ear height: 11-14mm

Coat: dark brown fur, blackish ears/membranes

Keel: lacking

Tragus: short, curved, rounded

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Nycticeius humeralis

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest

Feeding habits: insectivorous (beetles, moths, flies, leafhoppers)

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Big-eared bat**

Body: 80-110mm

Ear height: 1.5in.

Coat: grayish brown on top, whitish beneath

Keel:

Tragus: broadly rounded

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Corynorhinus rafinesquii

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forests

Feeding habits: insectivorous (mosquitos, beetles, flies)

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Brazilian free-tailed bat

Body: 79-98mm

Ear height: 8-15mm

Coat: brown fur

Keel: lacking

Tragus: small, blunt

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Chiroptera

Vespertilionidae

Tadarida brasiliensis

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest, urban/suburban/caves

Feeding habits: insectivorous (moths, beetles, dragonflies, flies)

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Masked shrew

Body: 75-100mm

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Soricidae

Sorex cinereus

Habitat: temperate, forest

Feeding habits: carnivore (caterpillars, grub, beetles, crickets)

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Smoky shrew

body: 110-126mm

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Soricidae

Sorex fumeus

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest/savanna, bog

Feeding habits: carnivorous (inverts, caterpillars, grubs)

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Pygmy shrew

body: 80-91mm

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Soricidae

Sorex hoyi

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest/mountains, bog

Feeding habits: carnivore/insectivore (spiders, caterpillars, beetles, ants)

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Northern short-tailed shrew (ss)

body:108-140mm

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Soricidae

Blarina brevicauda

Habitat: temperate, forest, bog

Feeding habits: mostly carnivorous (insects, earthworms, centipedes, millipedes)

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Least shrew

body: 64-86mm

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Soricidae

Cryptotis parva

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial/tropical, forest/savanna, marsh

Feeding habits: carnivore/insectivore (insects, caterpillars, beetle larvae, centipedes)

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Hairy-tailed mole

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Talpidae

Parascalops breweri

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest/mountain

Feeding habits: carnivore/insectivore/vermivore (earthworms, insects, centipedes, millipedes)

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Eastern mole

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Talpidae

Scalopus aquaticus

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest

Feeding habits: carnivore (earthworms, beetles, ants)

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Star-nosed mole

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Soricomorpha

Talpidae

Condylura cristata

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial/freshwater, forest, lakes/rivers, swamps/marches

Feeding habits: carnivore/vermivore (earthworms, insects, leeches, insect larvae)

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Eastern chipmunk

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Tamias striatus

Habitat: forest

Feeding habits: granivore/omnivore (fruits, seeds, nuts, insects, worms, bird eggs)

Groundhog/Woodchuck (ss)

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Marmota monax

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest/grassland

Feeding habits: herbivore/folivore (bark, buds, twigs of dogwood, sumac, and black cherry)

Thirteen-lined ground squirrel

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Spermophilus tridecemlineatus

Habitat: temperate

Feeding habits: omnivorous (seeds, clover, grass, caterpillars, grasshoppers, bird egg, inverts)

Gray squirrel (ss)

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Sciurus carolinensis

Habitat: temperate, forests

Feeding habits: granivore (acorns, walnuts, hickory nuts)

Fox squirrel (ss)

Mammalia

Theria

Eutheria

Rodentia

Sciuridae

Sciurus niger

Habitat: temperate/terrestrial, forest

Feeding habits: omnivore (buds, flowers, fruits of woody plants, berries, grapes, corn, caterpillar, egg, young birds)

Red squirrel

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Sciuridae **Tamiasciurus hudsonicus** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial, forest/mountain **Feeding habits:** omnivorous (seeds from cones of spruce, fir, larch, pine, walnuts, acorns, buds, seeds, fruits, insects, birds, mice, voles, young rabbits)

Southern flying squirrel

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Sciuridae **Glaucomys volans** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial, forest **Feeding habits:** omnivore (nuts, acorns, fruits, buds, bird egg, insects)

American beaver

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Castoridae **Castor canadensis** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial/freshwater **Feeding habits:** herbivore (bark, leaves, twigs of aspen, cottonwood, willow)

Norway/Brown rat

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Muridae **Rattus norvegicus** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial, moutain/forest/grassland, bog/march **Feeding habits:** omnivore (grains, fruits, vegetables, eggs, poultry, piglets, lambs)

House mouse

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Muridae **Mus musculus** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial, forest **Feeding habits:** omnivore (carrion, garbage, insects, cockroaches, beetle larvae, grasses, ragweed, fleabane)

Porcupine

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Erethizontidae **Erethizon dorsatum** **Habitat:** temperate/terrestrial, forest/grassland/chaparral **Feeding habits:** herbivore/granivore/folivore (conifer needles, buds, soft inner bark of trees of white pine, hemlock, sugar maple, birch)

Golden hamster

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Cricetinae **Mesocricetus auratus** **Habitat:** Middle east; temperate/terrestrial, grassland **Feeding habits:** Omnivore (grain, nuts, insects)

Eastern harvest mouse\*\*

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Neotominae **Reithrodontomy humulis** **Habitat:** grassy, weedy **Feeding habits:** omnivorous (seeds from foxtail and rye, insects, caterpillars, grubs)

Deer mouse (genus)

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Neotominae **Peromyscus maniculatus** **Habitat:** prairies, forests, shrubs **Feeding habits:** omnivorous (earthworms, insects, grubs, seeds from foxtail, crabgrass, ragweed, corn, soybeans, berries, cherries, nuts)

White-footed mouse (genus)

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Neotominae **Permyscus leucopus** **Habitat:** deciduous woodlands **Feeding habits:** omnivorous (nuts/seeds from maple, oak, beech, grasses, grains, cherries, grapes, grubs, caterpillars)

Allegheny woodrat

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Neotominae **Neotoma magister** **Habitat:** mountains, caves **Feeding habits:** herbivore (mushrooms, leaves, seeds, acorns, nuts, fruits, grapes, apples)

Golden mouse

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Neotominae **Ochrotomys nuttalli** **Habitat:** **Feeding habits:**

Southern red-backed vole

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Clethrionomys gapperi** **Habitat:** boreal forests **Feeding habits:** opportunistic feeder (leaf petioles, young shoots, fruits, berries, nuts, seeds, fungus, insects)

Woodland vole

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Microtus pinetorum** **Habitat:** forests, hardwood forests **Feeding habits:** herbivore/folivore (roots, tubers, rhizomes, clover, grass, fruits, seeds, nuts)

Meadow vole

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Microtus pennsylvanicus** **Habitat:** grassy fields, marshes, bogs **Feeding habits:** omnivore (grasses, sedges, sprouts, seeds, roots, clover, fungi, insects, caterpillars)

Prairie vole

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Microtus ochrogaster** **Habitat:** grasslands, prairies **Feeding habits:** herbivore (grasses, alfalfa, dandelion, fleabane)

Muskrat (ss)

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Ondatra zibethicus** **Habitat:** semiaquatic, riparian edges, marshes, ponds **Feeding habits:** omnivore (roots (cattail, arrowhead), crayfish, mussels, small fish, turtles, frogs)

Southern bog lemming

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Synaptomys cooperi** **Habitat:** old fields, shrubs, upland woods **Feeding habits:** omnivore (bromegrass, blue grass, rushes, sedges, moss, fungi, roots, beetles, snails)

Nearctic brown lemming

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Family: Cricetidae Subfamily: Arvicolinae **Lemmus trimucronatus** **Habitat:** treeless regions of Alaska/Northern Canada **Feeding habits:** live plant parts

Meadow jumping mouse

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Dipodidae **Zapus hudsonicus** **Habitat:** woodland edges, shrubbery **Feeding habits:** omnivore (seeds, grass seeds, raspberries, blueberries, fungi, beetles)

Woodland jumping mouse

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Dipodidae **Napaeozapus insignis** **Habitat:** forests, hardwoods **Feeding habits:** omnivore (seeds, blueberries, blackberries, beetles, caterpillars)

Chincilla

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Chinchillidae **Chinchilla laniger** **Habitat:** mountains of Chile

Guinea pig

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Caviidae **Cavia porcellus**

Ord's Kangaroo rat

Mammalia Theria Eutheria Rodentia Heteromyidae **Dipodomys ordii** Cheek pouches - granivores - ared west North america