Lab Practical #2

Question 1

Two characteristics of Fungi

Answer 1

absorptive heterotrophs, and have chitin in their cell walls.

Question 2

Mode by which fungi absorb energy and nutrients

Answer 2

mutualism with a plant partner
parasite on an animal
predatory on an animal
saprobe on a dead organic material

Question 3

What clade are unicellular yeasts found in?

Answer 3

Club Fungi
Sac Fungi
Zygospore Fungi

Question 4

A fungus with septate hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?

Answer 4

Club Fungi

Sac Fungi

Question 5

A fungus with a coenocytic hyphae may be found in which of the following clades?

Answer 5

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Chytrid fungi
Zygospore fungi (zygomycota)

Question 6

Microsporidia

Answer 6

members are minute, intracellular parasites.

Question 7

Chytrids

Answer 7

only fungi with flagellated cells in their life cycle

Question 8

Zygospore fungi

Answer 8

have only one diploid cell in their entire life cycle

Question 9

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Answer 9

appear to reproduce be asexual means only

Question 10

Sac fungi

Answer 10

• group containing the largest number of species

- produce sexual spores internally in sacs called asci

Question 11

Club fungi

Answer 11

produce sexual spores externally on structures called basidia

Question 12

Are the hyphae of Rhizopus (black bread mold) septate or coenocytic?

Answer 12

Septate

Question 13

What is the only diploid cell in the life cycle of a zygospore fungus called?

Answer 13

zygosporangium

Question 14

A mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a …

Answer 14

plant root

Question 15

Why are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi somtimes referred to as ednomycorrhizae?

Answer 15

The hypahe penetrates the the cell wall but not the plasma membranes

Question 16

Sac fungi produce sexual spores called … that are housed in …

Answer 16

ascospores … asci

Question 17

How many spores are typically found in each sac of asci?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

Club fungi produce sexual spores called …. that are borne on stalks called …

Answer 18

basidospores … basidia

Question 19

How many basidospores are on each stalk?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What are the fruiting structures of sac fungi known as?

Answer 20

ascomata

Question 21

Club fungi fruiting spores are called?

Answer 21

basidiomata

Question 22

A lichen is formed by a symbiotic relationship of what?

Answer 22

cyanobacteria or unicellular green algae

Question 23

Arbuscular clade

Answer 23

Puffballs
Toadstools
Yeasts

Question 24

Club Fungi

Answer 24

Coprinus mushroom
Yeasts
Smuts

Question 25

Sac Fungi

Answer 25

Molds

Question 26

Zygospore Fungi

Answer 26

Rhizopus fungus | Yeasts

Question 27

What do fungi, choanoflagellates, and animals have in common?

Answer 27

flagellated cells

Question 28

The animals are often described as being "eukaryotic, multicellular heterotrophs.'' What does this mean?

Answer 28

More than 1 eukaryotic cell, cannot make their own food

Question 29

Approximately ___% of all animals are vertebrates?

Answer 29

55

Question 30

What two groups exhibit radial symmettry and have a body consisting of two layers?

Answer 30

Porifera | Cnidarian

Question 31

Most spores exhibit what kind of symmetry?

Answer 31

Asymmetrical

Question 32

Cnetophorese are often referred to as "comb jellies." To what does the phrase "comb jelly" refer.

Answer 32

Ciliated plates

Question 33

Cnetphores exhibit what kind of symmetry?

Answer 33

Radial

Question 34

Sea anemones and corals belong to what phylum?

Answer 34

Cnidaria

Question 35

Cnidarians have what symmetry?

Answer 35

Radial

Question 36

What is unique with regard to the cnidarians?

Answer 36

Contain special cells called cnidocytes which contain stinging cells called nematocysts

Question 37

What are the two layers found in the membrane of the Cnidaria?

Answer 37

Epidermis | Gastrodermis

Question 38

What is the name of the jelly-like layer that seperates the two layers of Cnidaria?

Answer 38

Mesoglea

Question 39

Choanocytes

Answer 39

line water channels and function to filter small food particles from the water.

Question 40

Amoebocytes

Answer 40

secrete a skeleton consisting of spicules and/or organic fibers

Question 41

Scypha/Grantia is classified as a calcareous sponge, therefore it's spicules are made of ...

Answer 41

Calcium carbonate

Question 42

In Japan what might you receive as a wedding present?

Answer 42

Eeuplectella

Question 43

What is unique about the cnetophores?

Answer 43

One species incorporates stinging cells of its jellyfish prey for its own defense.

Question 44

Obelia has two different types of polyps, what are they?

Answer 44

Hydranth (feeding polyp) | Goangium (reproductive poly)

Question 45

What major characteristics are shared by all ecdysozoans?

Answer 45

-external covering cuticle or exoskeleton, which is secreted by the epidermis

Question 46

Cuticle

Answer 46

allows transport of gas, minerals, and water across

Question 47

Exoskeleton

Answer 47

- composed of protein and chitin, waterproof polysaccharide. - provides protection and support, no gas exchange. - hampers locomotion

Question 48

Exoskeleton of arthropods are composed of ... and ...., a complex polysaccharide.

Answer 48

Protein | Chitin

Question 49

What type of symmetry does nematodes and arthropods have?

Answer 49

Bilateral

Question 50

What type of body cavity do the nematodes have?

Answer 50

Psuedocoelom

Question 51

Arthropods have a modified coelom in which blood and body fluids mix. This type of body cavity is known as a

Answer 51

Hemocoel

Question 52

Three characteristics that contributed to the success of the arthropods

Answer 52

1. segmented body 2. jointed appendages 3. hard exoskeleton

Question 53

What phylum do the roundworms belong to?

Answer 53

nematoda

Question 54

Chelicerata

Answer 54

Horseshoe crab Spider Tick

Question 55

Crustacea

Answer 55

Alaskan king crab Crayfish Gooseneck barnacle Rock shrimp

Question 56

Hexapoda

Answer 56

Roach

Question 57

Myriapoda

Answer 57

Millipede

Question 58

Pseudocoelom

Answer 58

Body cavity that is partially lined w/ mesoderm

Question 59

Coelom

Answer 59

completely enclosed in mesoderm

Question 60

An example of an animal that has a coelom

Answer 60

Brachiopodia

Question 61

Two parasitic nematodes you looked at in lab

Answer 61

Hookworms | Roundworms

Question 62

What does an open circulatory system mean?

Answer 62

A muscular heart pumps blood through open-ended blood vessels into a hemocoel where the tissues are bathed with blood directly.

Question 63

Two characteristics that distinguish the crustaceans from other arthropods

Answer 63

- Two pair of antennae | - mouthparts

Question 64

Groups that have mandibles

Answer 64

Crayfish Beetle Millipede

Question 65

Groups that have chelicerate

Answer 65

Tarantula Scorpion Horseshoe crab

Question 66

Celicerate

Answer 66

``` Black widow spider Centipede Dog tick Horseshoe crab Mexican red knee tarantula Scorpion ```

Question 67

Crustacean

Answer 67

Crayfish | Gooseneck barnacle

Question 68

Hexapod

Answer 68

Butterfly Flea Grasshopper Preying mantis

Question 69

Myriapod

Answer 69

Centipede | Millipede

Question 70

Radial Symmetry

Answer 70

any plane along the main body, similar halves

Question 71

Bilateral Symmetry

Answer 71

1 plain posterior midline divides animal into mirror image halves

Question 72

Diploblastic

Answer 72

two embryonic germ layers -ecto & endo

Question 73

Triploblastic

Answer 73

three embryonic germ layers -ecto, meso, endo

Question 74

Pseudocoelom

Answer 74

partially lined with mesoderm

Question 75

Coelom

Answer 75

completely enclosed in mesoderm

Question 76

Protosome

Answer 76

Bilateral symmetry anterior brain ventral nerve cord blastropore ----> mouth

Question 77

Deuterosome

Answer 77

Bilateral symmetry Coelomate Internal Skeleton Blastopore ---> anus

Question 78

Lophotrochozoan

Answer 78

Trocophore larva or have a feeding structure called a lophopore

Question 79

Ecdysozoan

Answer 79

External cuticle that must be molted periodically

Question 80

Why is it an advantage for animals to have their organs suspended in a fluid-filled body cavity?

Answer 80

It allows the internal organ to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.

Question 81

Coelomate

Answer 81

Mollusks & Brachiopods

Question 82

What group of animals is mostly related to the mollusks?

Answer 82

Annelids

Question 83

What group of animals is most closely related to the brachiopods?

Answer 83

Ribbonworms

Question 84

Three major classes of flatworms and give examples of each.,

Answer 84

1. Turbellaria: planaria 2. Trematoda: Fasciola Hepatica 3. Cestoda: Taenia Pisiformis

Question 85

Why do tapeworms not need a digestive system?

Answer 85

they absorb nutrients from host

Question 86

What secretes the shell of bivalves?

Answer 86

Mantle

Question 87

Explain how a pearl is formed.

Answer 87

A foreign object is trapped in the mantle, coccentric rings are secreted around it.

Question 88

3 unique features of the Mollusca phylum

Answer 88

1. open circulatory system 2. a chambered heart 3. blood contains hemocyanin

Question 89

Annelid

Answer 89

Setae & Parapodia

Question 90

Brachiopod

Answer 90

Lophophore

Question 91

Flatworm

Answer 91

Gastrovascular cavity

Question 92

Mollusk

Answer 92

Radula

Question 93

Rotifer

Answer 93

Corona

Question 94

Bivalvia

Answer 94

Clam | Scallop

Question 95

Cephalopoda

Answer 95

Octopus

Question 96

Cestoda

Answer 96

Tapeworm

Question 97

Gastropoda

Answer 97

Slug

Question 98

Hirudinea

Answer 98

Leech

Question 99

Oligochaeta

Answer 99

Earthworm

Question 100

Polychaeta

Answer 100

Sandworm

Question 101

Polypacophora

Answer 101

Chiton

Question 102

Trematoda

Answer 102

Sheep Liver Fluke

Question 103

Turbellaria

Answer 103

Planarian