Lab practical 2 Flashcards
In the photosynthesis lab, what was ppm (parts per million) measuring?
CO2
What happened when the lamp was turned on over the leaf?
The light reactions could take place producing ADP and NADPH for the Calvin Cycle
What happened when the lamp was turned off over the leaf?
The Calvin Cycle shut down immediately.
At first, it took 4.5 mins for the CO2 level to drop from 402ppm to 382 ppm. The second time the lamp was turned on, it only took 41s. Why?
There was a build-up of RuBP in the chloroplasts ready to go.
What were some ways by which certain pigments were extracted from a leaf?
Hot water bath, hot ethanol bath, (cold water:no extraction)
Name the phase: Chromosomes condense, spindle begins to form
Prophase
Name the phase: Nuclear envelope disassembles, spindle continues to form, spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
Prometaphase
Name the phase: Spindle apparatus fully formed, spindle fibers attached to centromere, chromosomes aligned to equator.
Metaphase
Name the phase: Centromere divides, sister chromatids move apart to respective poles.
Anaphase
Name the phase: Chromosomes have reached respective poles and uncoil, nuclear envelope begins to reform, nucleolus visible
Telophase
During telophase, a cell plate forms at the equator separating the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
For the DNA fingerprinting lab, what method was used to make multiple copies of a piece of DNA.
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
What restricts certain base pair sequences to help us differentiate between different DNA samples?
Restriction enzymes (EcoR1, Sal1)
Using this method, the DNA sample is mixed with a loading dye and pipeted into wells. An electric current causes the negatively charged DNA molecules to migrate through the gel toward a positive terminal.
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
True/False: With the Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, smaller molecules migrate faster than larger molecules.
True
Male or Female: this fruit fly has a slightly larger body size, the tip of the abdomen is lighter, striped and more pointed
Female Fruit Fly
Male or Female: this fruit fly is slightly smaller in body size, has a dark abdomen at the tip, and has sex combs on the uppermost joint of the forelegs
Male Fruit Fly
True or False: autosomal traits affect gender equally, but sex-linked traits affect based on gender.
True
Based on genotypic/phenotypic ratios, we can estimate an expected outcome for offspring. If the actual percentages don’t quite match, what would explain this?
Small sample size, error in separation (male vs. female)
In the white environment, which phenotype (white, brown, black) had the highest level of fitness?
White
Does the environment play a role in determining which traits are most fit?
Yes
Does the frequency of each allele change in the white (black or brown) environment over time?
Yes
Did evolution occur in these populations?
According to the definition, the most fit heritable trait is passed on and increases in the population over time.
