lab practicum 2 Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
What are the three parts of the penis?
A
root, shaft and glans penis
2
Q
What two parts are the penis formed by?
A
corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum
3
Q
What type of penis increases in length during erection?
A
fibroelastic penis
4
Q
What penis type increases in width during an erection?
A
musculovascular penis
5
Q
What muscle maintains the S-shape of the penis?
A
the retractor penis muscle
6
Q
What are the two compartments of the parenchyma?
A
the interstitial compartment and the tubule compartment
7
Q
What cells produce testosterone?
A
leydig cells
8
Q
Where are sperm cells developed?
A
the seminiferous tubules
9
Q
T/F: You can see the seminiferous tubules with your naked eye
A
F
10
Q
What maintains the integrity of the rete tubules?
A
mediastinum
11
Q
T/F: The epididymis lies adjacent to the testis and is not apart of the testis
A
T
12
Q
Where do sperm first go once leaving the testicle?
A
the caput epididymis
13
Q
In what portion of the epididymis do spermatozoa gain protection factors?
A
the corpus epidiymis
14
Q
What portion of the epididymis is sperm that is eligible for ejaculation stored in?
A
the cauda
15
Q
What is seen in the lumen of the epididymis on histology slides?
A
sperm
16
Q
What connects the cauda epididymis to the ampulla and is responsible for transporting sperm?
A
the vas deferens
17
Q
What is the striated muscle supporting the testis?
A
the cremaster muscle
18
Q
What is responsible for temperature regulation and blood supply within the testis?
A
the pampiniform plexus
19
Q
What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens?
A
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
20
Q
What provides the pathway to and from the body for testicular vasculature, lymphatics, and nerves?
A
the spermatic cord
21
Q
What species does not have an enlargement of the vas deferens?
A
boar
22
Q
Which portion of the prostate is outside of the urethralis muscle?
A
the body
23
Q
What gland is responsible for cleaning out the pelvic urethra before ejaculation?
A
the Cowper’s gland
24
Q
What gland secretes a significant portion of the fluid that becomes semen and is alkaline?
A
seminal vesicles
25
What species does not have a disseminate prostate?
stallion
26
Secretions of GnRH come from the
hypothamalus
27
What gonadotropins are secreted from the AP?
LH and FSH
28
What gonadal steroid hormone do males produce?
Testosterone and Estrogen
29
What center discharges GnRH from the hypothalamus in frequent, intermittent bursts that occur throughout the day and night?
tonic center
30
Leydig cells contain the ____ receptor, while Sertoli cells contain the ___ receptor
LH, FSH
31
Spermatogenesis takes place in the
seminiferous tubules
32
What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?
proliferation, meiosis, and differentiation
33
Developing germ cells are connected by
intercellular bridges
34
Spermatogenesis consists of
the sum of all cellular transformations in developing germ cells that occur in the seminiferous epithelium
35
During which phase of spermatogenesis are there no more cell divisions?
the differentiation phase
36
No further cell divisions take place in this phase
the differentiation phase
37
Which compartment does the differentiation phase take place in?
the Adluminal compartment
38
What is the role of a spermatozoon?
to deliver the male's genetic material to an oocyte during fertilization
39
What are the phases that occur within the differentiation phase?
the golgi phase, cap phase, acrosomal phase, and maturation phase
40
During which phase does the acrosomic vesicle form?
the golgi phase
41
What parts make up the spermatozoa?
the head and tail
42
The head consists of the
the nucleus, acrosome, and post-nuclear cap
43
The tail consists of the
the middle piece, principal piece, and terminal piece
44
Which phase do portions of the manchette migrate towards the tail and begin to disappear, while portions of it remain to form the postnuclear cap?
the maturation phase
45
What allows the release of enzymes that are packaged in the sperm to digest or penetrate the zona pellucida
the acrosome reaction
46
What is the role of the seminiferous tubule?
to produce spermatozoa
47
Can you see the seminiferous tubule with your naked eyes?
no
48
What cells are located in the seminiferous tubules that support sperm cells as they are maturing?
Sertoli cells
49
In the bull, how long does it take for the seminiferous epithelium to get from stage 5 to stage 8?
13.5 days
50
Daily sperm production is dependent, at least in part, on the number of ____ cells populating the testis
Sertoli cells
51
What orientation is a bull's testis?
vertical
52
Which portion of the scrotum is heavily populated with sweat glands?
scrotal skin
53
T/F: The scrotal fascia is the fatty, membranous layer of the scrotum
T
54
Which portion of the testicle is the functional aspect where sperm cells and testosterone are developed?
Testicular parenchyma
55
Which portion of the male repro tract carries sperm up into the male's body cavity?
Vas Deferens
56
T/F: The tubule compartment of the parenchyma is where leydig cells are found
F
57
Where are sperm cells developed in the male's repro tract (specific)?
seminiferous tubules
58
Which cells provide support to developing germ cells and form the blood-testis barrier?
sertoli cells
59
what portion of the male's repro tract do sperm first enter after leaving the testicle (specific)?
caput epididymis
60
T/F: sperm undergo morphological changes and gain protection factors in the corpus epididymis
T
61
where is spermatozoa that is eligible for ejaculation stored?
cauda epididymis
62
63
What is the most distal part of the epididymis?
Caudal Epididymis
64
What is the most distal part of the epididymis?
Caudal Epididymis
65
What cells would be found at the center (lumen)?
Sperm
66
What cell(s) is indicated by the arrow?
67
What cell(s) is indicated by the arrow?
leydig cells
68
Which aspects of the male assist with thermoregulation?
Scrotum, Cremaster Muscle, Pampiniform Plexus
69
Which aspects of the male assist with thermoregulation?
Scrotum, Cremaster Muscle, Pampiniform Plexus
70
Which of these makes up part of the scrotal Skin?
A. Tunica vaginalis
B. Tunica Dartos
C. Tunica albuginea
D. Cremaster muscle
B. Tunica Dartos
71
Which of these makes up part of the scrotal Skin?
A. Tunica vaginalis
B. Tunica Dartos
C. Tunica albuginea
D. Cremaster muscle
B. Tunica Dartos
72
In which species does the male not have an ampulla?
A. Bovine
B. Ovine
C. Porcine
D. Equine
C. Porcine
73
True/False: The parenchyma is the most inner portion of the testes
A. True
B. False
A. True
74
What makes up the excurrent duct system?
A. Efferent ducts
B. Epididymis
C. Vas deferens
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
75
In which part of the epididymis do sperm get forward motility?
A. Cauda
B. Caput
C. Corpus
D. None of the above
A. Cauda
76
What part of the sperm are primary abnormalities associated with?
A. Head
B. Tail
C. Midpiece
D. plasma
A. Head
77
True/False: This picture contains both primary and secondary abnormalities?
A. True
B. False
A. True
78
Which tissue type does humans and stallions have?
A. Fibroelastic
B. Musculovascular
B. Musculovascular
79
Which muscle maintains the sigmoid flexure in a fibroelastic penis?
A. Retractor penis muscle
B. Ischiocavernosus muscle
C. Pelvic urethral muscle
D. Bulbospongiosus muscle
A. Retractor penis muscle
80
What part of the male reproductive tract is seen below?
A. Vas deferens
B. Epididymis
C. Ampulla
D. Seminiferous tubule
A. Vas deferens
81
True/False: This is a primary abnormality
A. True
B. False
false
82
In which species does the male have a very large glans penis?
A. Bovine
B. Equine
C. Porcine
D. Ovine
83
Is this a primary or secondary abnormality?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Neither
A. Primary
84
Where do primary abnormalities arise?
A. Testes
B. Epididymis
C. Vas deferens
D. Penis
85
What is the name of the paired glands indicated by the Blue arrows?
Seminal Vesicles
86
What do seminal vesicles produce in the bull?
seminal plasma
87
What is the name of the glandular structure indicated by the yellow box?
Prostate
88
What is the name of the “enlarged tubules” indicated by the Green arrows?
Ampulla
89
What are the ampulla’s an enlargement of?
the Vas Deferens
90
What species does not have ampulla’s?
boar
91
Name the pair of muscles indicated by the Orange arrow
ischiocavernosus muscles
92
What role do the ischiocavernosus muscles play in the process of erection in the Bull? (Be specific)
Clamp down on the hip bone to prevent back flow of blood.
93
What is the name of the region/structure indicated by the Orange arrows?
Glans Penis
94
What is the name of the region/structure indicated by the Orange arrows?
Glans Penis
95
What is the glans penis the homologous of in females?
the clitoris
96
Name the pair of muscles indicated by the Blue arrow.
Retractor penis muscles
97
What is the role of the retractor penis muscles play in the process of erection in the bull?
Straighten or relax during erection
98
Name the tough, white connective tissue indicated by the Orange arrow.
Tunica Albuginea
99
Name the cavernous tissue indicated by the Green circles.
Corpus Cavernous
100
What is the name of the glandular structure indicated by the Yellow circle?
Cowper’s Gland
101
Name the muscles indicated by the Green arrow
bulbospongiosus muscle
102
What role does the bulbospongiosus muscle play in the process of erection in the Bull?
Pushes semen down the penial urethra
103
What is the layer of the scrotum indicated by the Green arrow?
Scrotal Skin
104
What is significant in the scrotal skin that aids in the thermal regulation of the testis?
Sweat glands, Thermoreceptors, Hair
105
What is the name of the smooth muscle intertwined within the loose connective tissue indicated by the Purple arrow?
Tunica Dartos
106
What is the tunica dartos’ major function?
Raise and lower testes in response to thermo changes
107
Can the tunica dartos sustain muscle contractions for a long period of time?
yes
108
Name the S-shaped configuration of the fibroelastic penis indicated by the Red line
Sigmoid Flexure
109
What is the purpose of the sigmoid flexure?
Keep the penis housed inside the male
110
What is the name of the tough, white connective tissue covering the parenchyma tissue of the testes indicated by the Blue arrow?
Tunica Albuginea
111
What is the name of the convoluted structure on the surface of the testis indicated by the yellow arrow?
Testicular blood supply
112
What is the name of the region/segment of the structure attached to the side of the testis indicated by the red circle?
Cauda epididymis
113
What maturation factor is added in the cauda epididymis?
Forward moving motility
114
What is the name of the intertwined “vascular” area indicated by the Blue arrow?
Pampiniform plexus
115
What is the name of the striated muscle indicated by the Green arrow?
Cremaster muscle
116
Can the cremaster muscle sustain contractions for a long period of time?
no
117
Identify the region of the testis indicated by the gray arrow.
Parenchyme
118
What type of abnormality does the sperm cell have indicated by the yellow circle?
Primary
119
Where do primary abnormalities arise?
Testis
120
What type of abnormality does the sperm cell have indicated by the yellow circle?
Secondary
121
Where do secondary abnormalities arise?
epididymis
122
This was from a 3 year old boar with known problems in semen quality. What would you suggest we do with him?
Cull or wait another 60 days to re-test
123
Name the species based on the pelvic tract.
Boar
124
what are the four majors layer of the scrotum?
1. Scrotal skin: heavily populated with sweat
glands
2. Tunica dartos: mesh-like smooth muscle
layer just beneath the scrotal skin
3. Scrotal fascia: fatty and membranous
layers
4. Parietal vaginal tunic: first peritoneum
layer taken into scrotum
125
The scrotum is a two-lobed pouch that houses the testes and functions to:
1. Serves as a physical barrier to the environment
2. Regulate temperature of the testes
126
The __________________ is the second peritoneum layer within the scrotum
visceral vaginal tunic
127
The ____________________ contains smooth muscle fibers in addition to connective tissue
tunica albuginea
128
What makes up the testicular capsule?
the visceral vaginal tunic and the tunica albuginea
129
What are the two compartments of the parenchyma?
the interstitial compartment and the tubule compartment
130
What is located in the interstitial compartment?
• Leydig cells: produce testosterone
• Capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and connective tissue
131
what is located in the tubule compartment?
• Seminiferous tubules: highly convoluted tubules network
• Sertoli cell: provides support to developing germ cells and form the blood-testis barrier
132
Label the image
A. bulb of penile urethra
B. bulbospongiousus muscle
133
Label the image
A. cowper’s gland
B. bulbospongiosus muscle
C. retractor penis muscle
134
Label the image
A. cowper’s glands
B. ischiocavernosus muscle
135
Label the image
A. vas deferens
B. urinary bladder
C. ampulla
D. seminal vesicles
E. body of the prostate
F. pelvic urethral muscle
G. ischiocavernosus muscle
H. bulbospongiosus muscle
136
Label the image
A/I. VG
B. BP
C. ischiocavernosus muscle
D. ampullas
E. UB
F. UM
G. CP
H. vas deferens
J. sigmoid flexure
K. retractor penis muscle
L. glans penis
M/P. cremaster muscle
N. PS
O. SC
Q. TE
137
Label the image
A. corpus cavernosum
B. tunica albuginea
C. corpus spongiosum
D. penile urethra
138
Label the image
A. corpus spongiosum
B. corpus cavernosum
C. tunica albuginea
D. T
E. urethra
F. bulbospongiosus muscle
G. retractor penis muscle
139
label this image
A. tunica albuginea
B. DEC
C. corpus cavernosum
D. urethra
E. corpus spongiosum
140
A. corpus cavernosum
B. urethra
C. corpus spongiosum
141
A. colliculus seminalis
B/D. seminal vesicles
C. vas deferens
142
A. pelvic urethral muscle
B. colliculus seminalis
143
what is the colliculus seminalis?
Where Urethra, Vas Deferens, Seminal Vesicles and Body of Prostate Empty
144
A. bulbospongiosus muscle
B. cowper’s gland
145
A. prostatic gland
146
A. prostatic gland
B. fibromuscular stroma
147
what is the prostate gland
- A walnut-sized glands that surrounds the initial segment of the urethra muscle
- The epithelium of the prostate produces a fluid rich in citric acid and proteolytic enzymes that nourish and prevent the coagulation of sperm
- pseudostratified columnar epithelium cells line the lumen of the gland
148
A. disseminated prostate
B. body of the prostate
149
A. body of the prostate
B. pelvic urethral muscle
150
A. disseminate prostate
B. pelvic urethral muscle
151
A. blood vessel
B. mucosal fold
C. simple columnar epithelium
D. lumen
152
A. smooth muscle
B. epithelium
C. lumen
D. mucosal fold
153
A. lumen
B. smooth muscle
154
A. smooth muscle
B. lumen
155
A. vas deferens
B. ampulla
C. seminal vesicles
156
What species does this repro tract come form?
bull
157
What species does this repro tract come form?
stallion
158
A/G. seminal vesicles
B. vas deferens
C. prostate
D/F. cowper’s glands
E. pelvic urethral muscle
H. retractor penis muscle
I. bulbospongiosus muscle
