lab quiz 1 - anatomical organization

Question 1

define anatomical position

Answer 1

1. body is still & erect/upright
2. head is facing directly forward with no tilt
3. arms are straight and to the sides
4. palms face upwards
5. feet are parallel

Question 2

superior (cranial)

Answer 2

above (towards the head)

Question 3

inferior (caudal)

Answer 3

below (towards the feet)

Question 4

anterior (ventral)

Answer 4

in front (towards stomach)

Question 5

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 5

behind (towards the back)

Question 6

medial

Answer 6

closer to the middle

Question 7

lateral

Answer 7

closer to the extremeties

Question 8

proximal

Answer 8

(for limbs only) closer to where the limb starts

Question 9

distal

Answer 9

(for limbs only) closer to the end of the limb

Question 10

external

Answer 10

outside

Question 11

internal

Answer 11

inside

Question 12

superficial

Answer 12

shallow (relatively close to the body’s surface)

Question 13

deep

Answer 13

deep, usually internal structures, relatively distant from the body surface

Question 14

parietal

Answer 14

(for membranes) outer layer

Question 15

visceral

Answer 15

(for membranes) inner layer

Question 16

cephalic region

Answer 16

face & cranium

Question 17

cervical region

Answer 17

neck & clavicle (up until where the bump is at the base of the neck)

Question 18

thoracic region

Answer 18

clavicle until the bottom rib (position of the diaphragm)

Question 19

abdominal region

Answer 19

overlies the abdominopelvic cavity, upper limit is the diaphragm, lower limit is the pubis

Question 20

lumbar/sacral regions

Answer 20

posterior side of the body, inferior to thoracic region. (1) lumbar: inferior to thoracic region and consists of 5 vertebrae; (2) sacral: the remainder of the inferior region of the back

Question 21

what are the two longitudinal planes?

Answer 21

sagittal & front/coronal

Question 22

longitudinal planes

Answer 22

any planes which are parallel to the long axis of the body

Question 23

sagittal plane

Answer 23

body divided into right & left parts

Question 24

mid-sagittal plane (median)

Answer 24

divides body into equal right and left halves

Question 25

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 25

body is divided into anterior and posterior parts

Question 26

transverse (horizontal) planes

Answer 26

cross-sections; any planes at right angles to long axis of the body; divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 27

what are the dorsal cavities?

Answer 27

cranial cavity & spinal/vertebral cavity

Question 28

cranial cavity

Answer 28

cavity within the skull that contains the brain

Question 29

spinal/vertebral cavity

Answer 29

tubular cavity within the vertebral column that contains the spinal cord

Question 30

ventral cavities & membranes

Answer 30

located in the trunk region, separated into thoracic & abdominal cavities by the diaphragm

Question 31

what does the ventral cavity contain?

Answer 31

thoracic cavity, peritoneal cavity, pelvic cavity

Question 32

thoracic cavity

Answer 32

ventral cavity superior to the diaphragm and bounded by the ribs

Question 33

what are the 3 regions of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 33

pleural, mediastinum & pericardial

Question 34

pleural cavity

Answer 34

right and left; each surround a lung and are lined by the pleural membranes (pleura)

Question 35

mediastinum

Answer 35

central space between the two pleural cavities, contains all other thoracic organs (heart, blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, nerves) - contains the pericardium

Question 36

pericardial

Answer 36

surrounds the heart & lined by the pericardial membranes (pericardium). lies in the ventral side of the mediastinal cavity

Question 37

peritoneal cavity

Answer 37

lined by peritoneal membrane (peritoneum). contains most abdominal organs, though some lay within the abdominal wall but are said to be in retroperitoneal location (ex: kidneys, adrenals, ureters and part of the small intestine)

Question 38

pelvic cavity

Answer 38

formed by the bones of the pelvic cavity, not lined by membranes. organs here are said to be intraperitoneal (beneath the peritoneal membrane)