Lab quiz 3

Question 1

Purpose of Universal precautions?

Answer 1

Protect workers and samples from blood borne pathogens

Question 2

What happens if suspension is too light?

Answer 2

Re-spin suspension to separate cells from suspension
Remove saline
Resuspend cells

Question 3

What happens if suspension is too heavy?

Answer 3

Add more saline
Mix thoroughly

Question 4

Agglutination grading

Answer 4

0: no agglutination
1+: small agglutination cloudy background
2+: Medium agglutinates, clear background
3+: several larger agglutinates, clear background
4+: one solid agglutinate, clear background

Question 5

Forward grouping

Answer 5

Detect antigens on patients RBCs with known reagent antisera

Question 6

Reverse grouping

Answer 6

Detect antibodies in patient plasma using known reagent RBCs

Question 7

ABO discrepancies

Answer 7

unexpected reactions that occur in forward or reverse grouping

Question 8

What is to be done with ABO discrepancies?

Answer 8

Give O type blood is resolution isn’t found

Question 9

What is the most immunogenic antigen outside of the ABO system?

Answer 9

D antigen

Question 10

When can Anti-D be produced?

Answer 10

When an Rh-negative individual is exposed to Rh-positive RBCs
Via pregnancy or transfusion

Question 11

Why is anti-D harmful?

Answer 11

Could cause hemolytic transfusion reactions and HDN

Question 12

How can D-antigen be detected?

Answer 12

Direct agglutination (immediate spin phase)

Question 13

Weak D test?

Answer 13

When D antigens are reduced in quantity
involved incubation and antihuman globulin reagent
(AHG Phase)

Question 14

When is weak D test needed?

Answer 14

When typing donor units for transfusion and when a newborn whose mother is Rh-negative

Question 15

If patient is Rh-negative?

Answer 15

D test and weak D test are negative

Question 16

Rh immune globulin

Answer 16

Can protect mother from making anti-D

Question 17

Antibody screen

Answer 17

An additional test to go along with ABO and Rh
Patient serum tested for antibodies

Question 18

What blood type are screening cells

Answer 18

Type O

Question 19

If screening test is positive?

Answer 19

Further testing is needed

Question 20

IAT

Answer 20

Indirect Antiglobulin Test
Tests for in vitro sensitization of RBCs

Question 21

If the auto control for IAT is positive?

Answer 21

We can suspect warm auto antibodies or recent transfusion

Question 22

If screening cells are positive and auto control is negative?

Answer 22

Alloantibody to high incidence antigen/multiple antibodies are suspected

Question 23

DAT

Answer 23

Direct antibody test
detects in vivo sensitization of RBCs with IgG/ complement components

Question 24

Difference between DAT and IAT?

Answer 24

Incubation not needed for DAT

Question 25

Clinical conditions of in-vivo coating of RBCs

Answer 25

HDN
HTR
AIHA

Question 26

What is needed for DAT

Answer 26

Polyspecific (has IgG and anti-C3d)
Monospecific (Anti-IgG
and Anti-C3d

Question 27

Immediate spin crossmatch

Answer 27

Tests ABO compatibility
Patient plasma and donor red cells
For patients who lack significant antibodies or don’t have record of such antibodies

Question 28

Antiglobulin crossmatch

Answer 28

To confirm compatibility between patient plasma ad donor red cells
For people who currently have significant antibodies or have prior record of such antibodies

Question 29

When is antibody identification needed?

Answer 29

If antibody screen is positive

Question 30

How many O blood groups are needed for antibody id?

Answer 30

11-20 O red blood cells

Question 31

What blood group systems are used?

Answer 31

Kidd, Duffy, Lutheran, Rh, MNS

Question 32

IgM class antibodies

Answer 32

react at low temp
cause agglutination at immediate spin

Question 33

IgG antibodies

Answer 33

React best at AHG phase

Question 34

Which are IgM antibodies

Answer 34

N,I,P1