lab rules Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons why accidents happen in the laboratory (12)
A
Carelessness
Over crowding
Misbehavior
Poor Laboratory management
Inadequate Safety training
Inadequate Instructions
Inadequate Facilities
Inadequate Preparation
Inadequate Equipment
Unsafe Experiments
Ignorance
Teaching Experience
2
Q
It is defined anything that has the capacity to cause damage or injury
A
Laboratory Hazard
3
Q
People working here are exposed to different kinds of hazards
A
laboratory
4
Q
What are the kinds of hazards
A
Animal hazard
Sharp Instrument Hazard
Heat Hazard
Glassware Hazard
Chemical Hazard
Electrical hazard
eye and face hazard
Fire hazard
biohazard
laser radiation hazard
radioactive hazard
explosive hazard
5
Q
what are the major classification of hazards?
A
physical, chemical, and biological
6
Q
What are under the physical hazards?
A
sharps/glassware
machines
electrical
radioactive
fire/ explosive
ergonomic
7
Q
what are under the chemical hazards
A
health, environment, physical
8
Q
what are under the biological hazards
A
bacteria
fungi
viral
parasitic
prions
9
Q
infectious disease are the causes of this hazard
A
Biological
10
Q
needles, lancets, and broken glass are the major causes of this hazard
A
sharps
11
Q
Preservatives and reagents are the source of this hazard
A
chemical
12
Q
equipment and radio isotopes are the source of this hazard
A
radioactive
13
Q
Ungrounded or Wet
Equipment; Frayed Cord are the source of this hazard
A
electrical
14
Q
Bunsen Burners, Organic
Chemicals are the source of this hazard
A
fire/explosive
15
Q
Wet Floors, Heavy Boxes,
Patients are the cause of this hazard
A
physical
16
Q
Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, or
Parasitic Infections possible injury
A
biological
17
Q
Cuts, Punctures, or Blood-Borne
Pathogen Exposure possible injury
A
sharps
18
Q
Exposure to Toxic, Carcinogenic,
or Caustic Agents
possible injury
A
chemical
19
Q
Radiation Exposure possible injury
A
radioactive
20
Q
Burns or Shock possible injury
A
electrical
21
Q
Burns or Dismemberment
possible injury
A
fire/explosive
22
Q
Falls, Sprains or Strains possible injury
A
physical
23
Q
Hazards brought about by living organisms infecting and causing
diseases to human and animals
A
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
24
Q
Present in specimens tested in the clinical laboratory.
A
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
25
major biological risks in biological hazards
Blood borne pathogens
26
mandates that all
laboratory workers must observe the UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTION
Occupational Safety and Health Act
27
ALL biological waste, except
............... must be placed in
appropriate containers labeled
with the biohazard symbol
urine
28
how to discard urine?
by pouring the urine into the laboratory sink, avoid splashing, then flush it with water
29
disinfection of the sink using a ...... dilution of sodium hypochlorite and should be performed daily
1:5 or 1:10 dilution
30
All sharps, including needles and broken glass,
will be disposed of in
labeled plastic sharp containers
31
why no recapping of needles?
recapping may result in accidental puncture which can lead to potential exposure to infectious biological agents
32
* Sharp containers must be
closable, puncture resistant, leak proof on sides and bottom, and labeled biohazard
33
chemical is considered hazardous if it is determined to be:
flammable
explosive
toxic/poisonous
corrosive
irritant
environmental hazard
34
what are the physical hazards (chemical symbols)
explosive
flammable liquid
oxidizing liquid
compressed gas
corrosive to metals
35
what are the health hazards (chemical symbols)
acute toxicity
skin corrosion
skin irritation
CMR, STOT,
Aspiration Hazard
36
what is the environmental hazards (chemical symbols)
hazardous to the aquatic environment
37
substances that will
combust if exposed to open flame.
flammable
38
ethyl alcohol
flammable
39
substances that will explode
when exposed to open flame
explosive
40
nitrate containing substances
explosive
41
substances that can lead to serious body
injury or even death when inhaled, ingested
or absorbed by the skin.
TOXIC/POISONOUS
42
Mercury, concentrated HCl,
muriatic acid
TOXIC/POISONOUS
43
substances that can
burn or destroy living tissues and can eat
away other materials
CORROSIVE
44
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid
CORROSIVE
45
substances that
causes inflammation upon contact
with skin or mucous membranes
IRRITANT
46
Xylene
IRRITANT
47
substances that
interact with other substances which
often forms a new substance or
decomposes the substance.
REACTIVE
48
Sodium oxide -
reacts with water causing
combustion
REACTIVE
49
is a measure of how easily a gas, liquid, or solid will
ignite and how quickly the flame will spread
Flammability
50
Flammable liquids themselves are not flammable; rather the .................
from the liquids is combustible
vapor
51
two physical properties of
a material that indicate its flammability
Flash point and Boiling Point or volatility
52
– is the temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor
flash point
53
an indication of how easily the liquid
or solid will pass into the vapor stage
volatility
54
they can ignite
spontaneously with no external source of ignition
pyrophoric
55
. Flammability information can be found here under the fire and explosion data
MSDS or materials safety data sheets
56
The best first aid for chemical spills
flush the area with large amount of water for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention
57
All laboratory personnel should
know the proper use and location of the emergency shower and eye wash stations
58
Do not .................... chemicals that come in
contact with the skin
neutralize
59
proper way to avoid the possibility of
sudden splashing caused by rapid
generation of heat in some
chemical reactions
acid should always be added to water
60
it is
unacceptable in the laboratory.
pipetting by mouth
61
WHAT ARE THE 7 PERSONAL SAFETY IN HANDLING CHEMICALS
1. use fume hoods whenever dispensing or pipetting dangerous chemicals.
2. safety goggles, glasses, face shield and laboratory gown should be worn at all times in the laboratory and remove it when leaving the laboratory
3. gloves should always be worn when handling with blood and other body fluids and should be disposed to the appropriate trash bin
4. wash hands before donning gloves and after doffing of gloves
5. tie long/curly hair and remove any jewelry including your watch
6. do not apply cosmetics in the laboratory
7. eating, drinking, and using of cellular phones are not allowed in the laboratory
62
what are the rules in labelling?
1. everything must be labeled
2. hazardous material must include all necessary safety information
3. Diamond shaped, color coded NFPA
(National Fire Protection Act) labels are
required to identify the nature of hazardous
material
63
The lab, by law, must provide written policies for the safe use of
hazardous chemicals (OSHA regulation
hazard communication
64
list of all safety information created by the manufacturer for each
laboratory reagent (biological or chemical)
material safety data sheet
65
Lab must have written Chemical Hygiene Plan that provides specific
work practices for hazardous chemicals
Laboratory Standard
66
requires all facilities that use hazardous
chemicals to have written chemical hygiene plan
available for all employees
OSHA occupational safety and health administation
67
chemical spills clean up (acid spills)
. Wear appropriate PPE when cleaning up spills:
2. Acid Spills:
a.Apply neutralizer (or sodium bicarbonate) to the perimeter of the
spill.
b.Mix thoroughly until fizzing and evolution of gas ceases.
c.Transfer the mixture to a plastic bag, tie shut, fill out a waste
label and place inside the fume hood.
68
chemical spills clean up (solvent spills)
a.Apply activated charcoal to the perimeter of the spill.
b.Mix thoroughly until material is dry and no evidence of solvent
remains.
c. Transfer the absorbed solvent to a plastic bag, tie shut and
place inside the fume hood.
69
STORAGE OF CHEMICALS
a. Flammable areas should be cool enough to prevent ignition when
the vapor mixes with air. Adequate ventilation should be provided
to prevent vapor build up.
b. Flammable materials should never be stored near acids.
c. Avoid storing flammable materials in conventional refrigerators.
Sparks generated by internal lights or thermostats may ignite
flammable material inside the refrigerator, causing an extremely
dangerous explosion hazard
70
NFPA Symbol
Yellow - instability
white - specific hazard
blue - health hazard
red - fire hazard
71
Fire Hazards (flash points)
4 - below 73F
3 - below 100F
2 - above 100F not exceeding 200F
1- above 200F
0 - will not burn
72
Instability grading
4 - may detonate
3 - shock and heat may detonate
2 - violent chemical change
1 - Unstable when heated
0 - stable
73
The purpose of the chemical hygiene plan
1. Appropriate work practices
2. Standard operating procedures
3. PPE
4. Engineering controls such as fume hoods and
flammables safety cabinet
5. Employee training requirements
6. Medical consultation guidelines
74
Specific hazard grading
ACID - acid
ALK - alkali
COR - corrosive
OXY - oxidizer
P - polymerization
SA - simple asphyxiant
radioactive
use no water
75
health hazard grading
4 - deadly
3 - extreme danger
2 - hazardous
1 - slightly hazardous
0 - normal material
76
FIRE PREVENTION IN THE LABORATORY
1. Be aware of the ignition sources in the laboratory area (electrical
equipment, heat sources, and sockets).
2. Never store flammable liquids in the standard refrigerators. Explosionproof refrigerators are needed for storage of flammable liquids.
3. Store flammable liquids in appropriate safety cabinets/safety cans.
4. Make sure the electrical cords are in good condition. All electrical outlets
should be grounded and should accommodate a 3-pronged plug.
77
is a document that contains
information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and
environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS (MSDS)
78
msds should include the following:
1. Physical and chemical characteristics
2. Fire and explosion potential
3. Reactivity potential
4. Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures
5. Methods for safe handling and disposal
6. Primary routes of entry
7. Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential
79
ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS
* All electric equipment must be
grounded with three-pronged plugs
* If electric shock accidents occur,
never touch the person or the
equipment involved.
* Turn off the circuit-breaker/unplug
the equipment/move the equipment
using a nonconductive glass or
wood object
80
–a risk that comes from handling biodegradable
materials, volatile chemicals and gases which combust when
exposed to a heat source;
fire hazard
81
most commonly encountered danger in the
laboratory
fire hazard
82
COMPONENTS OF FIRE
oxygen
fuel
heat
83
ordinary combustions:
wood, paper, fabric, and many plastics
fire type a
84
flammable liquids and gases: gasoline, oils, paints, lacquer, and tar
fire type b
85
fire involving electrical equipment
fire type c
86
combustible metals or combustible metal alloys
fire type d
87
fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media; vegetable or animal oil or fats
fire type k
88
Fire extinguishers are coded
to reflect the type of fire they
can put out. What are the appropriate color for a,b,c,d, and k
a - green
b- red
c- blue
d- yellow
k- black
89
IF A FIRE IS DISCOVERED?
RACE
R - RESCUE
A- ALARM
C- CONTAIN
E- EXTINGUISH
90
R [RESCRUE]
A [ALARM]
C [CONTAIN]
E [EXTINGUISH
explain:
RESCUE ANYONE IN IMMEDIATE
DANGER
ACTIVATE THE INSTITUTIONAL FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM
CLOSE ALL DOORS TO POTENTIALLY
AFFECTED AREAS
ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE; EXIT THE AREA
91
TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER:
PASS
P- PRESS THE PIN
A- AIM NOZZLE AT BASE OF THE FIRE
S - SQUEEZE THE HANDLE
S- SWEEP NOZZLE SIDE TO SIDE
92
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS:
1. Avoid running in rooms and hallways.
2. Watch for wet floors.
3. Bend knees when lifting heavy objects.
4. Keep long hair pulled back.
5. Avoid dangling jewelry.
6. Maintain a clean, organized work area.
7. Wear closed-toe shoes that provide maximum support and
comfort
93
based on the ........... studies, it is
composed of 3 components that are linked together.
Traditional Epidemiological
94
For an infection to occur, all three components must be
linked consistently
95
By ....................... we prevent infections from
occurring.
BREAKING the “links”
96
3 components of the chain of infection
source
transmission
host
97
colors of containers or bag
black
green
yellow
yellow with black band
orange
red
98
black bag means
noninfectious dry waste
99
green bag means
non infectious wet waste
100
yellow bag means
infectious and pathological waste
101
yellow with black band means
chemical waste including those heavy metals
102
orange bag means
radioactive waste
103
red bag means
sharps and pressurized containers
104
infectious agent
bacteria
fungi
virus
parasites
105
reservoir
humans
animals
blood
insects
body fluids
106
how to break the line in the reservoir part?
through:
disinfection
hand hygiene
107
portal of exit
nose
mouth
mucous membrane
specimen collection
108
how to break the line in the portal of exit part?
sealed biohazardous waste disposal
sealed specimen disposal
hand hygiene
standard precautions
109
means of transmission
droplet
airborne
contact
vehicle
vector
110
how to break the line in the means of transportation part?
hand hygiene
standard precautions
ppe
patient isolation
111
portal of entry
nose
mouth
skin
mucous membrane
unsterile equipment
112
how to break the line in the portal of entry part?
hand hygiene
standard precautions
sterile equipment
113
Susceptible host
patients
elderly
newborns
health care workers
immunocompromised
114
how to break the line in the susceptible host part?
immunizations
patient isolation
nursery precautions
healthy lifestyle
115
how to break the line in the source?
hand washing
biohazardous waste disposal
decontamination
specimen bagging
116
how to break the line in the transmission?
hand washing
ppe
aerosol prevention
sterile/disposable equipment
pest control
117
how to break the line in the host?
standard precautions
immunization
healthy lifestyle
exposure control plan
postexposure prophylaxis
118
instructor
lere c. almendral, rmt, msph
