Lab: Sacrum

Question 1

What are the steps to testing the sacrum?

Answer 1

1) Lateralization test
2) Active motion test
3) Passive motion test

Question 2

What is the lateralization test for the sacrum?

Answer 2

Seated forward bending test

Question 3

What are the active motion tests for the sacrum?

Answer 3

Backward bending test, respiratory motion test

Question 4

What are the passive motion tests for the sacrum?

Answer 4

Lumbosacral spring test, oblique axis passive motion test

Question 5

What is a positive seated flexion test?

Answer 5

One PSIS moves farther superiorly at the end range of motion

Question 6

For a torsion SD of the sacrum, what side will the seated flexion test be positive on?

Answer 6

Positive on non-axis side

Question 7

What could a negative seated flexion test be indicative of?

Answer 7

Bilateral dysfunction

Question 8

During inhalation, describe the movement of the lumbar curve, sacral base, and sacral apex

Answer 8

Lumbar: lordotic curve decreases, flattens out
Sacral Base: moves posteriorly
Sacral Apex: moves anteriorly

Question 9

During exhalation, describe the movement of the lumbar curve, sacral base, and sacral apex

Answer 9

Lumbar: lordotic curve increases
Sacral Base: moves anteriorly
Sacral Apex: moves posteriorly

Question 10

What is a positive and negative test for a lumbar spring test?

Answer 10

Positive: resistance to springing; indicates preference for posterior sacral base motion unilaterally or bilaterally

Negative: ease of springing; indicates either normal motion or preference for anterior sacral base motion unilaterally or bilaterally

Question 11

What is a positive and negative test for a backward bending test?

Answer 11

Positive: inequity between right and left increases/gets worse; moves posteriorly

Negative: sacral sulci and ILAs even out during test; moves anteriorly

Question 12

For a positive seated flexion test on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 12

Left unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
R/R ST
L/R ST

Question 13

For a positive seated flexion test on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 13

Right unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
L/L ST
R/L ST

Question 14

For a negative lumbar spring test, what are the 5 possible diagnoses?

Answer 14

Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral flexion
R/R ST
L/L ST
Bilateral flexion

Question 15

For a positive lumbar spring test, what are the 5 possible diagnoses?

Answer 15

Left unilateral extension
Right unilateral extension
L/R ST
R/L ST
Bilateral extension

Question 16

For a negative backward bending test, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 16

Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral flexion
R/R ST
L/L ST

Question 17

For a positive backward bending test, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 17

Left unilateral extension
Right unilateral extension
L/R ST
R/L ST

Question 18

For a deep sacral sulcus on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 18

Right unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
L/L ST
L/R ST

Question 19

For a deep sacral sulcus on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 19

Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
R/R ST
R/L ST

Question 20

For a posterior ILA on the right, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 20

Right unilateral flexion
Left unilateral extension
R/L ST
R/R ST

Question 21

For a posterior ILA on the left, what are the 4 possible diagnoses?

Answer 21

Left unilateral flexion
Right unilateral extension
L/R ST
L/L ST

Question 22

What is the diagnosis given the following information?

• Positive seated forward bending test on right
• Deep sacral sulcus on right
• Posterior ILA on right

Answer 22

Right unilateral flexion

Question 23

What is the diagnosis given the following information?

• Deep sacral sulcus on right
• Posterior ILA on right
• Negative backward bending test

Answer 23

Right unilateral flexion

Question 24

When should you gap the SI joint to allow the sacral base to move?

Answer 24

For bilateral/unilateral dysfunctions

Question 25

For a bilaterally extended sacrum, what should your findings be?

Answer 25

``` Negative lateralization test (bilaterally positive) Bilateral posterior sacral sulci Bilateral anterior ILAs Positive LST False negative BBT ```

Question 26

For a bilaterally flexed sacrum, what should your findings be?

Answer 26

Negative lateralization test (bilaterally positive) Bilateral anterior sacral sulci Bilateral posterior ILAs Negative LST and BBT

Question 27

For a unilaterally flexed sacrum, what should your findings be?

Answer 27

Lateralization test positive on side of dysfunction Deep sacral sulcus on side of dysfunction Posterior ILA on side of dysfunction Negative LST and BBT

Question 28

For a unilaterally extended sacrum, what should your findings be?

Answer 28

Lateralization test positive on side of dysfunction Deep sacral sulcus opposite side of dysfunction Posterior ILA opposite side of dysfunction Positive LST and BBT

Question 29

For a forward sacral torsion, what should your findings be?

Answer 29

Lateralization test positive opposite the axis Deep sacral sulcus opposite the axis Posterior ILA on same side as axis Negative LST and BBT

Question 30

For a L/L ST, what would a compensated L5 look like?

Answer 30

L5 N RR SL

Question 31

For a backward sacral torsion, what should your findings be?

Answer 31

Lateralization test positive opposite the axis Deep sacral sulcus on same side as axis Posterior ILA opposite the axis Positive LST and BBT

Question 32

For a L/R ST, what would a compensated L5 look like?

Answer 32

L5 F/E RR SR