Lab safety

Question 1

CDC

Answer 1

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 2

OSHA

Answer 2

Occupational Safety and Health Adminis- tration

Question 3

CLSI

Answer 3

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute

Question 4

Source of biologic

Answer 4

Infectious agents

Question 5

Source of sharps

Answer 5

Needles, lancets, broken glass

Question 6

Source of chemical

Answer 6

Preservatives and reagents

Question 7

Source of electrical

Answer 7

Ungrounded or wet equipment; frayed cords

Question 8

Source of Fire/ explosive

Answer 8

Open flames, organic

chemicals

Question 9

Source of physical

Answer 9

Wet floors, heavy boxes, patients

Question 10

Possible Injury of biologic

Answer 10

Bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections

Question 11

Possible injury of sharps

Answer 11

Cuts, punctures, or blood-borne pathogen exposure

Question 12

Possible injury of Radioactive

Answer 12

Radiation exposure

Question 13

Possible injury of electrical

Answer 13

Burns or shock

Question 14

Possible injury of Fire/ explosive

Answer 14

Burns or dismemberment

Question 15

Possible injury of physical

Answer 15

Falls, sprains, or strains

Question 16

chain of infection

Answer 16

how microor- ganisms are transmitted

Question 17

Infectious agents consist of

Answer 17

bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses

Question 18

location of potentially harmful microorganisms

Answer 18

reservoir

Question 19

contaminated clinical specimen or an infected patient is an example of?

Answer 19

reservoir

Question 20

What makes an excellent reservoir?

Answer 20

Humans and animals

Question 21

It is an Equipment and other soiled inanimate objects. will serve as reservoirs, particularly if they contain blood, urine, or other body fluids

Answer 21

fomites

Question 22

becomes inactive when conditions are not ideal

Answer 22

Spores

Question 23

What is the way to exit the reservoir to continue the chain of infection.

Answer 23

mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and eyes, and in blood or other body fluids

Question 24

the unprotected host touches the patient, specimen, or a contaminated object (reservoir)

Answer 24

Direct contact

Question 25

inhalation of dried aerosol particles circulating on air currents or attached to dust particles

Answer 25

Airborne

Question 26

the host inhales material from the reservoir (e.g., aerosol droplets from a patient or an uncapped centrifuge tube, or when specimens are aliquoted or spilled)

Answer 26

Droplet

Question 27

ingestion of a contaminated substance (e.g., food, water, specimen)

Answer 27

Vehicle

Question 28

from an animal or insect bite

Answer 28

Vector

Question 29

After the infectious agent has been transmitted to a new reservoir, it must have a means to enter the reservoir

Answer 29

Portal of entry

Question 30

They are exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries. Immunocompromised patients, newborns and infants, and the elderly are often more susceptible hosts.

Answer 30

susceptible host

Question 31

What are the possible reason to be a susceptible hosts

Answer 31

exposed to infectious specimens or needlestick injuries Stress, fatigue, and lack of proper nutrition depress the im- mune system

Question 32

They are often more susceptible hosts

Answer 32

Immunocompromised patients, newborns and infants, and the elderly

Question 33

the most direct contact with a source of infection is through?

Answer 33

contact with patient specimens

Question 34

How to break the link of the reservoir

Answer 34

Disinfection and hand hygiene

Question 35

How to break the link of the portal of exit?

Answer 35

* Sealed biohazardous waste containers * Sealed specimen containers * Hand hygiene * Standard precautions

Question 36

How to break the link of the means of transmission

Answer 36

* Hand hygiene * Standard precautions • PPE * Patient isolation

Question 37

How to break the link of the portal of entry?

Answer 37

* Hand hygiene * Standard precautions • PPE * Sterile equipment

Question 38

How to break the link of the susceptible host?

Answer 38

``` • Immunizations • Patient isolation • Nursery precautions • Healthy lifestyle ```

Question 39

major importance in the laboratory

Answer 39

Proper hand hygiene, correct disposal of contaminated materials, and wearing personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 40

blood-borne pathogens

Answer 40

hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodefi- ciency virus (HIV)

Question 41

In what year does the CDC instituted Universal Precautions (UP)?

Answer 41

1987

Question 42

Under this guidelines all patients are considered to be possible carriers of blood- borne pathogens

Answer 42

Universal Precautions (UP)

Question 43

The Universal Precautions (UP) guideline recommends wearing ______ when collecting or handling body fluids contaminated with blood

Answer 43

Gloves

Question 44

The Universal Precautions (UP) guideline recommends wearing ________ when

Answer 44

there is danger of blood splashing on mucous membranes

Question 45

What is the modification of UP for body substance isolation (BSI) helped to alleviate this concerns?

Answer 45

The CDC excluded urine and body fluids not visibly contaminated by blood from UP, although many specimens can contain a considerable amount of blood before it becomes vis- ible.

Question 46

What does UP stands for?

Answer 46

Universal Precautions (UP)

Question 47

What does BSI stands for?

Answer 47

body substance isolation (BSI)

Question 48

What does BSI guidelines stated?

Answer 48

personnel should wear gloves at all times when encountering moist body substances.

Question 49

major disadvantage of BSI guidelines

Answer 49

they do not recommend handwashing after removing gloves unless visual contamina- tion is present.