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Lab Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

ubiquitous

A

they are found everywhere

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2
Q

contamination

A

microorganism can accidentally get into your culture

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3
Q

tansient flora

A

temporary microbes that can be removed by hand washing

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4
Q

normal/resident flora

A

microorganism that live naturally and permanently in various areas of your body

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5
Q

nosocomial infections

A

a disease acquired during hospitalization.

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6
Q

synthetic medium

A

are made from scratch, with every single ingredient (amino acid, sugars, salt, etc.) defined and listed.

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7
Q

non synthetic medium

A

are composed of ingredients like beef extract (similar to beef bouillon) or lepton (protein partially digested by the enzyme, pepsin).

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8
Q

general purpose medium

A

is on the at is used merely to grow bacteria and keep them alive.

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9
Q

enriched medium

A

contains added nutrients to enhance the growth of those finicky bacteria with a gourmet appetite.

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10
Q

selective medium

A

only allows certain species of microorganism to grow and inhibit others.

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11
Q

differential medium

A

has a diagnostic test built into it that changes color with different species of microbes.

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12
Q

transport medium

A

used to transport microbes from one place to another. Keeps microbes alive without allowing them to overgrow transit.

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13
Q

sterile media

A

completely devoid to life - absolutely no microorganism in it.

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14
Q

pure culture

A

growing only one intended species of microorganism

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15
Q

mixed culture

A

contains two or more microbes growing together on purpose

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16
Q

contaminated culture

A

is a medium or article that has accidental or unwanted microorganism in it.

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17
Q

streak plate

A

is performed by spreading an inoculum of bacteria across the surface of an agar plate in such a way as to produce isolated colonies.

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18
Q

spread plate

A

.

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19
Q

pour plate

A

is made by inoculating melted agar with bacterial, and then pouring the agar into an empty petri plate to harden.

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20
Q

TNTC

A

.

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21
Q

TFTC

A

.

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22
Q

simple stain

Study These Flashcards
A

a procedure that stains all cells the same color - quick method for observing shapes or morphology

23
Q

negative stain

24
Q

differential stain

Study These Flashcards
A

dye different kinds of bacteria in contrasting colors

25
Bacteria Shapes
Cocci Bacilli Spirochete
26
Diplococci
Pairs of cocci are called dippcci, also referred to as "dipole"
27
Streptococci
chains of cocci are streptococci, also referred to as strep.
28
Staphylococci
clusters of cocci - also referred to as staph.
29
Cocci
are spheres and are divided into subcategories based on their arrangement (shape of bacteria)
30
Bacilli
rod shaped, not usually subdivided by arrangement (shape of bacteria)
31
Spirochete
flexible helicoidal bacteria (shape of bacteria)
32
Gram stain
a method to differentiate bacteria from human tissue in biopsies -separates all bacteria into to two major groups: Gram + and Gram -
33
Steps of Gram Stain
1. Primary stain: is crystal violet - stains all bacteria purple 2. Mordant: causes a stain to become more tightly bound to the cell and "gram's iodine" does this by intensifying the ionic chemical bond between crystal violet and the bacteria. 3. Decolorizer: ethyl alcohol - removes the stain from some bacteria (Gram -) which then becomes colorless. (Gram + does not decolorized) 4. Counterstain: done with a red dye called "safranin." Will stain any colorless cell .
34
Gram + vs. Gram -
Gram + is purple | Gram - is red
35
peptidoglycan
is the layer of the cell wall. Gram + cell wall is thick and composed of many layers of peptidoglycan. Gram - has only one single layer of peptidoglycan. Smaller amount of peptidoglycan means dye leaks out cannot hold dye.
36
endospore
inside the cell
37
central spore
middle of the rod.
38
terminal spore
end of the spore
39
subterminal spore
in between
40
Acid Fast Stain
Positive - red | Negative - blue
41
Mycobacterium
different from other bacteria because it has a mycelia acid (a waxy material) outside cell wall. Causes cells to stick together to form raised, wrinkle clones. Uses an acid fast stain.
42
Moist Heat vs. Dry Heat
Moist - boiling water, steam under pressure, etc. | Dry heat - dry oven, incineration, etc.
43
Heat and microbial growth
Heat is used to control microbial growth because microorganisms vary in their heat resistance. Heat works by coagulating the protein (structural proteins, enzymes, etc) of the cell.
44
Ultraviolet Light (UV light)
is a form of radiation with a wavelength that is a little shorter than visible light. Shorter wavelength causes UV light to have more energy.
45
Pyrimidine Dimmer
In a DNA a molecule the pyrimidine bases, thymine and cytosine can absorb the UV energy and form abnormal bonds with an adjacent pyrimidine. Pyrimidine dimers are the abnormal linkages of UV energy.
46
UV penetrations
UV light will not penetrate through glass, plastic, or liquid. Which means they cannot be used to sterilize large volumes of water or media.
47
antiseptics or disinfectants
Disinfectants - are chemical agents that kill vegetative(not spores), pathogenic microorganisms. Do not usually kill all microbes (they do not sterilize) Antiseptics - chemical agents that destroy bacteria on living surfaces (tissue, skin) - can be bactericidal (kill bacteria) vs. Bacteriostatic (inhibits/reduces growth)
48
Kirby-Bauer sensitivity test
determines which antibiotics are effective against a particular microorganism.
49
Kirby -Bauer Method; how it works.
- An even distribution of bacteria is spread onto the surface of an agar plate. - Small filter papers containing antibiotics are placed onto the plate. - Incubation - Results Halo of inhibition observed, sensitive to the antibiotic. No halo of inhibition observed, not sensitive to the antibiotic.
50
erythroblastosis fatalism
Mother is Rh- and has a baby with a man that is Rh +. she ends up pregnant with a child that is RH+. Becomes are problem during birth-placenta ruptures and blood from babies side enters the mother. Mother builds antibodies with may result in immunological memory against RH+ antigens.
51
agglutination vs. coagulation
Agglutination - is the process of red blood cells clumping together due to the interaction between antibodies and antigens on RBC's Coagulations - blood turning from a liquid to a gel.
52
Plaque
the fructose/glucan form a metric that helps other bacteria attach to.
53
cavities
Lactic acid dissolves the calcium on teeth. | Fructose formed from Strep. Mutans is fermented to produce lattice acid.
54
Synder Test
Measures the amount of acid produced by normal flora microorganism in a medium contain sugar.

Micro. (2 decks)

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