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Biology 1011 > Lab Test 1 > Flashcards

Lab Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of science involves…

A

The critical evaluation of ideas and information

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2
Q

Scientific method

A

consisting of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses

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3
Q

Observation

A

This is central to any scientific research endeavor and some background information is also necessary. The act of attentive watching, perceiving, or noticing.

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4
Q

Qualitative

A

a scientific method of observation to gather non-numerical data. This type of research “refers to the meanings, concepts definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols, and description of things” and not to their “counts or measures.” It simply supports the idea that an event occurs or does not occur

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5
Q

Quantitative

A

This type of research allows us to apply numbers to the collection of data, oftentimes requires the use of statistical measures to understand the raw data, and usually involves the use of tools and mechanical devices that extend the sensory ability of humans. Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality

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6
Q

Qualitative examples

A

Diary accounts. Diary accounts are collected as part of diary studies. …
Documents. …
Case studies. …
Photographs. …
Audio recordings. …
Video recordings. …
Transcriptions. …
Descriptions

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7
Q

Quantitative examples

A

Revenue in dollars.
Weight in kilograms.
Age in months or years.
Length in centimeters.
Distance in kilometers.
Height in feet or inches.
The number of weeks in a year.

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8
Q

Regardless of the intricacy of the tools used, blank and blank of time, length, volume, temperature, or other variables are crucial to obtaining blank results for a scientific study

A

accurate, precise measurements, valid

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9
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess as to if or why a particular event occurs tells us that in order to engage in science a person must have some previous knowledge about the situation surrounding the observation

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10
Q

A hypothesis is written in such a way that it can be blank

A

tested

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11
Q

A good hypothesis is able to account for blank

A

all available data

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12
Q

Testing a hypothesis occur in a variety of ways, typically involving either blank or blank protocols or both

A

observational or experimental

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13
Q

When water is at a high temperature, why does it take less time for sugar and salt to dissolve?

A

Due to there being more kinetic energy in hot water

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14
Q

Accuracy vs precision

A

Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value. Precision refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other. Precision is independent of accuracy.

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15
Q

When water is at a cold temperature, why does it take more time for sugar and water to dissolve?

A

Due to there being less kinetic energy in cold water

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16
Q

Solute vs solvent

A

The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium.

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17
Q

Solute and solvent example

A

Salt is a solute and the solvent is water

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18
Q

Correlation between height and arm length

A

The taller the person the longer their arms are, the shorter the person the shorter their arms are

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19
Q

Temperature definition

A

This is a measure of the average KE of the molecules making up a substance

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20
Q

Independent variable definition

A

The independent variable is the variable the experimenter manipulates or changes, and is assumed to have a direct effect on the dependent variable.

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21
Q

Dependent variable definition

A

The dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in an experiment, and is ‘dependent’ on the independent variable. An example of a dependent variable is depression symptoms, which depends on the independent variable (type of therapy).

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22
Q

What is freezing temperature in F and C?

A

0 C and 32 F

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23
Q

What is the boiling temperature in F and C

A

100 C and 212 F

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24
Q

What are the metric units for length, weight, and volume?

A

Length: meters, weight: grams, volume: liters

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25
Components of a good experimental design
The experiment builds on previous research, it describes steps and the procedure clearly, includes a controlled group, might include several trials, the same results can be found by another individual, and it respects the animal and human subjects
26
Why is it often difficult to control the variables in clinical tests of drugs on humans?
This is because due to the complexity of humans, a multitude of confounding factors may influence a study's findings. In order to isolate and precisely quantify dependent and independent factors, a researcher must remove any unnecessary variables
27
What is human body temperature in C and F
98.6 F and 37 C
28
What is room temperature in C and F
20 C and 68 F
29
Fahrenheit to Celcius formula
C= ((F-32)*5)/(9)
30
Celcius to Fahrenheit formula
F= 1.8C + 32
31
How to convert milliliters to liters
mL/1000= L
32
How to convert liters to milliliters
L*1000= mL
33
Atomic # Example: How many protons does C have?
6 protons because its atomic # is 6
34
Atomic number represents...
The number of protons in one atom of the element
35
Atoms have what charge?
Atoms have a neutral charge
36
Carbon charge (how many electrons in one atom of C)?
6 electrons in one atom of carbon along with 6 protons in carbon
37
The atomic weight of an atom is made up of...
the protons and neutrons, which are found in the nucleus and measured in atomic mass units (amu)
38
How to calculate # of neutrons (using carbon as an example)
Round the atomic weight to the nearest whole # and subtract the # of protons. In the case of carbon, this means 12.0112 is rounded to 12, 12-6=6 so there are 6 neutrons in a typical carbon atom. Note that in this case, the # of protons is equal to the # of neutrons, but this is not always so
39
An atom does not have a partial neutron, so why isn't the atomic weight a whole number?
Because some atoms of carbon actually have more than 6 neutrons so the atomic weight is based on the average # of neutrons in a group of carbon atoms (only using C as an example
40
Isotopes
Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
41
Valence orbital
The orbital that is the outermost orbital that an element uses to house electrons
42
Molecules definition
They are made up of atoms held together by covalent or ionic chemical bonds
43
The three parts of an atom are...
protons, neutrons, and electrons
44
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element is a/an
Atom
45
The atomic number of an element indicates how many blank are in one atom of that element
Protons
46
blank in an atom has a negative charge
Neutrons
47
blank are atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons
isotopes
48
All matter has blank and blank
Atoms and space
49
Electrons travel in blank around the nucleus
valence shells
50
The chart that contains information about elements and their atoms is the periodic table
51
Diagram (Bohr model) of one oxygen atom:
has 8 protons and 8 neutrons in the nucleus, 2 electrons in the first shell, and 8 electrons in the second shell
52
Diagram (Bohr model) of one hydrogen atom:
Has one proton in the nucleus and one electron on the first shell
53
Diagram (Bohr model) of 1 magnesium atom
Has 12 protons and 12 neutrons in the nucleus, 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 2 in the third shell
54
Diagram (Bohr model) of 1 neon atom
10 protons and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, 2 electrons in the first shell and 8 in the second shell
55
How does the atom of neon differ from the 3 other atoms that you diagrammed?
Neon has a full valence shell so it doesn't need a bond from another element to be stable
56
Functional groups (list them)
hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl groups.
57
Functional groups definition
Specific combinations of atoms that are common parts of organic molecules; they have special properties, and are critical to the structure and function of organic molecules
58
Functional groups are part of blank molecules, so they will have an available bonding site
Larger
59
Chemical change
happens when one chemical substance is transformed into one or more different substances, such as when iron becomes rust.
60
Physical change
a usually reversible change in the physical properties of a substance, such as size or shape: Freezing a liquid is a physical change. These changes are reversable.
61
Reactants
a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction
62
Products
a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.
63
Chemical reaction
a process that involves the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.
64
pH
the potential of hydrogen; a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution equal to the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per cubic decimetre of solution. Pure water has a pH of 7, acid solutions have a pH of less than 7, and alkaline solutions a pH greater than 7.
65
metabolism
the process by which the body changes food and drink into energy. During this process, calories in food and drinks mix with oxygen to make the energy the body needs. Even at rest, a body needs energy for all it does
66
state of matter
a way to describe the behavior of atoms and molecules in a substance. There are three common states of matter: Solids – relatively rigid, definite volume and shape. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are attached to each other.
67
Field of view (on the microscope)
The area that is lighted and visible through the lens
68
Depth of Field
A plane in space where objects are in sharp focus. Higher power lenses have a much shallower depth of field than lower power lenses do.
69
Magnification
This is the ability of the microscope to enlarge the image
70
Resolving power
The ability to distinguish between two points
71
Wet-mount slide
The specimen is mounted in a liquid, usually water, and a cover slip is placed over the specimen
72
Ocular lens
The lens contained in the eyepiece, it is usually has a magnification of 10x
73
Objective lens
The lens is attached to the nosepiece of the microscope. Most microscopes have multiple objective lenses with the power of each lens printed on the side of the lens
74
Total magnification
To determine the total magnification of the microscope, multiply the power of the ocular lens times the power of the objective lens. For example, an ocular of 10x and an objective of 43x provides a total magnification of 430x
75
(Microscope lab): What is the orientation of the letters eeee using the naked eye?
Using the naked eye the letters eeee are oriented upside down
76
How does the orientation change when you view the slide using the scanning lens?
The orientation changes from the e's being upside down to facing a normal position/angle

Biology 1011 (2 decks)

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