Lab V: PLANTS

Question 1

The body of a vascular plant can be divided into 3 major organs, name them

Answer 1

• roots
• stems
• leaves

Question 2

Why is the plant body large?

Answer 2

it provides large surfaces for the absorption of the three essential requirements for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 3

Tell me more about the leaves:

Answer 3

absorb the sun’s energy
take in CO2 and carry out photosynthesis

Question 4

Tell me more about the roots:

Answer 4

absorb water and nutrients in the soil

Question 5

Tell me more about the stems:

Answer 5

support the leaves and transports water

Question 6

Plants grow under a specific set of environmental conditions, the most noticeable responses are governed by what (3)?

Answer 6

• phytohormones (organic molecules)
• light
• gravity

Question 7

Which ones are considered external and internal?

Answer 7

phytohormones = internal (for growth and development)
light, gravity, moisture, T°C, touch = exernal

Question 8

What is tropism?

Answer 8

it’s a response to stimuli where a non-motile organism

Question 9

Difference b/w positive and negative tropism?

Answer 9

(+) =movement toward the stimulus (sun)
(-) = movement AWAY from the stimulus

Question 10

What is Gravitropism?

Answer 10

it’s directional plant growth in response to gravity

Question 11

In stem cells, if there is MORE auxin = is there MORE or LESS growth = LONGER or SHORTER cells on the bottom?

Answer 11

MORE auxin = MORE growth = LONGER ¢

Question 12

In root cells, if there is MORE auxin = is there MORE or LESS growth = longer cells on the BOTTOM OR TOP?

Answer 12

MORE auxin = LESS growth = longer ¢ TOP

Question 13

In the experiment, the roots went down and the stem went up, + or - gravitropism?

Answer 13

roots down = + gravitropism
stemp up = - gravitropism

Question 14

Name the four major groups of land plants

Answer 14

1. Bryophytes (e.g. mosses)
2. Seedless vascular plants (ferns)
3. Gymnosperms (conifers)
4. Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Question 15

What are the closest living relatives to plants?

Answer 15

the aquatic green algae

Question 16

All (or most) plants have 2 things:

Answer 16

• waxy cuticle (prevent water loss)
• stomatal system (stoma + guard ¢) (together regulate the exchange of gases)

Question 17

Bryophytes consist of 3 phyla, name them

Answer 17

• liverworts
• hornworts
• mosses

Question 18

What are their mainly characterized by?

Answer 18

the absence of vascular tissue and other true tissues (true roots, true leaves, and true stems)

Question 19

The seedless vascular plants consist of 2 phyla

Answer 19

• lycophytes
• pteridophytes

Question 20

Do seedless vascular plants possess vascular tissue?

Answer 20

YES

Question 21

Give an example of a gymnosperm

Answer 21

conifers

Question 22

Do gymnosperms produce seeds and pollen?

Answer 22

YES

Question 23

pollen is considered to be male or female little plants?

Answer 23

male, pollen produces sperm that can fertilize the egg

Question 24

Name 3 characteristics of the seed

Answer 24

• protection
• dispersal
• embryo development

Question 25

In conifers, what are called the sexual reproductive organs that produce pollen and ovules?

Answer 25

CONES

Question 26

The adaptation of pollen in gymnosperms helped indirectly protect sperm cells from?

Answer 26

from desiccation (drying out)

Question 27

What do male and female cones produce?

Answer 27

male: pollen grains female: ovules

Question 28

Are Angiosperms the most or least dominant plants?

Answer 28

MOST DOMINANT

Question 29

The reproductive organs that produce pollen and ovules are what?

Answer 29

flowers

Question 30

Once the egg in the ovule in fertilized, the surrounding ovary of the flower develops into what?

Answer 30

a fruit

Question 31

Some flowers are specialized for the dispersal of pollen by what? (3)

Answer 31

- wind - water - animals

Question 32

These are the structures of a typical flower: PISTIL

Answer 32

Found in the center of the flower. There are three regions to each pistil: - ovary - style - stigma

Question 33

Function of Ovary:

Answer 33

swollen basal, tissue that develops intro a fruit after fertilization (has ovules)

Question 34

Main function of ovule

Answer 34

produces eggs which develop into a seed after fertilization

Question 35

Style

Answer 35

long slender

Question 36

Stigma

Answer 36

sticky terminal

Question 37

Male reproductive structure (give the name of the group)

Answer 37

Stamens

Question 38

Stamens has 2 MALE components:

Answer 38

- anther (swollen part) - filament (slender stalk)

Question 39

Main function of anther

Answer 39

houses pollen containing sperm for dispersal

Question 40

What are sepals?

Answer 40

- outermost of the floral parts - Normally green Function: protect the inner and delicate parts of the flower as they develop within the bud

Question 41

The main function of petals

Answer 41

Have attractive colors/odors + may have at base -> glandular hairs (secrete the sugar = nectar) ATTRACT insects to the flowers of those plants to TRANSMIT pollen

Question 42

Main function of the leaf

Answer 42

provide a large surface area to capture the solar energy (photosynthesis)

Question 43

What is the use of the outer waxy cuticle?

Answer 43

to limit/prevent water loss

Question 44

What do we call the microscopic pore system?

Answer 44

stomatal system

Question 45

What does the stomatal system consist of?

Answer 45

stoma/stomata (pores) + guard cells

Question 46

Main function of stoma (pore)

Answer 46

where the gas exchange takes place

Question 47

Main function of Guard cells

Answer 47

cells open/close to prevent water loss during gas exchange

Question 48

What do you call the outer layer of cells providing b/w the inside & outside of leaf?

Answer 48

UPPER and LOWER epidermis

Question 49

What is the name of the waxy acellular tissue?

Answer 49

Cuticle (to prevent water loss)

Question 50

What do we call the elongated photosynthetic cells just beneath the epidermis?

Answer 50

PALISADE MESOPHYLL

Question 51

Loosely packed photosynthetic cells allow the movement of O2 and CO2 between the palisade cells and the stomata

Answer 51

SPONGY MESOPHYLL

Question 52

Vascular Bundle (vein)

Answer 52

Transport water & nutrients xylem (transport of water to leaves) & phloem (transport sugars)

Question 53

The evolution of the cuticle directly helped land plants avoid what?

Answer 53

dessiccation

Question 54

Pollen from male pine cones have air bladders, what is the function of these air bladders?

Answer 54

increased dispersal by wind

Question 55

List 2 benefits seeds provide in plant evolution

Answer 55

- they provide better PROTECTION from predators - they are NOT reliant on water for embryo dispersal

Question 56

Flowers provide an increased rate of WHAT through the use of various pollinators

Answer 56

increased rate of FERTILIZATION (pollen dispersal)

Question 57

Fruits provide an increased seed OR pollen dispersal?

Answer 57

SEED dispersal

Question 58

Shoots will always grow (up or down)?

Answer 58

UP

Question 59

Roots will always grow (up or down)?

Answer 59

DOWN

Question 60

Finish the sentence: The male cone contains ______ which can produce _____

Answer 60

pollen -> sperm

Question 61

Finish the sentence: The female cone contains ______ which can produce _____

Answer 61

ovary -> eggs

Question 62

Finish the sentence: The male part of the flower called ______ contains _______ which can produce _________

Answer 62

stamen -> pollen -> sperm

Question 63

Finish the sentence: The male part of the flower called ______ contains _______ which can produce _________

Answer 63

pistil -> ovary -> eggs

Question 64

TRUE OR FALSE: Sticky pollen will increase dispersal

Answer 64

TRUE

Question 65

What mainly disperses Gymnosperm's pollen and their seeds? (wind or animals)

Answer 65

WIND for both

Question 66

What mainly disperses Angiosperm's pollen and their seeds? (wind or animals)

Answer 66

ANIMALS