Lab Values

Question 1

RBC, HGB, RDW, blood indices, platelet count, WBC, and the differentials are included in this test

Answer 1

CBC

Question 2

An increase of ________ can be due to chronic lung diease, person’s living at high altitudes, children with congentital heart defects, and polycythemia.

Answer 2

RBC

Question 3

A decrease of ________ can be due to bone marrow supression, hemorrhage, hemodilution, hemolysis, or erythorcyte sickling (ruptures).

Answer 3

RBC

Question 4

What is the normal values for Hemoglobin (HGB)?

Answer 4

Men 14-18 g/ 100 ml
Women 12-16 g/100 ml

Question 5

True or False
All the reasons RBC and HGB are low are same reasons HCT low?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the Hematocrit (HCT) and its values?

Answer 6

Seperates erythocytes from plasma. Fastest way to determine perceont of RBC’s in plasma. HCT value generally 3 x HGb. Men 42-52% Women 37-47 %. All the reasons RBC or HGB are low, are the dame reason HCT would be low.

Question 7

Evaluates the different types of anemia.

Answer 7

RBC indicies. MCV, MCHC, and MCH determine type of anema.

Question 8

RBC distribution width.

Answer 8

RDW

Question 9

WBC critcal values

Answer 9

< 2500 or > 30000

Question 10

Single room, positive presssure room, no plants or flowers, staff wear gloves and gown, patient can only consumed cooked food, and supplies must be kept in an enclosed cart.

Answer 10

Neutropenic Precautions

Question 11

Granular Leukocytes

Answer 11

WBC Differential

Question 12

Most responsive to infections, tissue necrosis and inflammation.

Answer 12

Neutrophils

Question 13

A “Band”

Answer 13

is an immature neutrophil that is being produced rapidly in the response to new or overwhelming infection. An increase in this means severe bacterial infecion or sepsis.

Question 14

Seen with antibody-antigen complexes or allergic reaction.

Answer 14

Einophils

Question 15

Increased during healing process. Sometimes referred to as tissue mast cells. Assoc. with asthama and allergies.

Answer 15

Basophils

Question 16

B Cells and T Cells

Answer 16

Lymphocytes

Question 17

Second line of defense after neutrophils.

Answer 17

Monocytes

Question 18

Normal range for Platelets

Answer 18

150,000-400,000. Less than 100,000 is critical!

Question 19

Low platelet count associated with leukemia or aplastic anemia.

Answer 19

Thrombocytopenia

Question 20

Associated with polycythemia, fractures, and after spleenectomy.

Answer 20

Thombocytosis

Question 21

Measures the amount of time needed to form a clot and measures the extrinsic clotting mechinism.

Answer 21

Prothrombin time or PT

Question 22

All health systems use this to determine the theraputic range for Warfafin. Value around 1 is normal. We want the value of 2 or greater if the patient has a history of blood clots, and the higher this is the greater the risk for bleeding. (the person’s warfarin theroputic range)

Answer 22

INR

Question 23

Used in monitoring Heparin Therapy

Answer 23

APTT or PTT

Question 24

When this is drawn, the provider is determining if there is an infection or chronic inflammation in the body.

Answer 24

ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Ratio

Question 25

Na, K, Glucose, Cl, CO2, BUN, Creatinine, BUN/ creat ratio, Anion Gap.

Answer 25

BMP or Basic Chemistry

Question 26

Measures the amount of Urea Nitrogen

Answer 26

BUN

Question 27

Evaluates renal dysfunction in which a large number of nephrons have been destroyed.

Answer 27

Creatinine normal range 0.5-1.2

Question 28

Normal Glucose Range

Answer 28

74-106

Question 29

When there is an imbalance of electrolytes and acid base balance, this will be abnormal.

Answer 29

Anion Gap

Question 30

Measures the density of the urine compared to the density of water.

Answer 30

Specific Gravity

Question 31

Normal CO2 range

Answer 31

23-30 mEq/L

Question 32

Made by the pancreas and parotid glands. Increases 2-12 hours after the onset of acute pancreatitis, then returns to normal in 2-4 days.

Answer 32

Serum Amylase

Question 33

Primary enzyme of pancreas

Answer 33

Serum Lipase

Question 34

Assessing liver function

Answer 34

ALT Alanin Amino Transferase

Question 35

Found primarily in the heart and liver

Answer 35

AST Aspartate Aminotranserase

Question 36

Serum Proteins

Answer 36

Think low protein levels, poor tissue healing, and third spacing because of loss of the oncotic pull in the blood stream.

Question 37

By-product of protein breakdown. Most is aborbed in the liver then converted to urea.

Answer 37

Ammonia

Question 38

Product of cell metabolism. Greater than 2 is suspicious.

Answer 38

Lactic Acid

Question 39

More sensitive to myocardial damage. Suspicious if greater than 1. Positve if greater than 2.

Answer 39

Troponin

Question 40

Used to determine theraputic range of medications

Answer 40

Peak and Toughs

Question 41

Measures the amount of fibrin degradation that occurs. Helps to diagnose hypercoagulability, a tendency to clot inappropriately.

Answer 41

D-Dimer

Question 42

Not normally present. Produced in the liver in response to tissue injury and inflammation.

Answer 42

CRP C-reative Protein

Question 43

Secreted by the cardiac ventricles to support cardiac function, volume overload and pressure overload. Diagnosis of CHF.

Answer 43

BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Question 44

Normal Sodium Range

Answer 44

136-145

Question 45

Normal Potassium Range

Answer 45

3.5-5

Question 46

Potassium, Magnesium, Phosphate, and Sulphate

Answer 46

Major intracellular electrolytes. 60% total body water. 25 liters

Question 47

Sodium, Chloride, Bicarbonate, and Calcium

Answer 47

Major extracellular electrolytes 15 liters

Question 48

NS, LR, D5W

Answer 48

Isotonic

Question 49

1/2 NS, D5W

Answer 49

Hypotonic

Question 50

3% NS, 5% NS, D10w, D51/2 NS, D5LR. Shift fluids from intracellular to extracellular.

Answer 50

Hypertonic

Question 51

Occur dailty through the skin and the lungs

Answer 51

Insensible losses

Question 52

Those of which a person is aware ie, urination, wound drainage, GI tract losses.

Answer 52

Sensible Losses

Question 53

Cystalloids

Answer 53

Isotonic, Hypotonic, Hypertonic solutions