Lab Values

Question 1

What are the different types of lab tests?

Answer 1

• Complete blood count (CBC)
• coagulation panel (COAGS)
• lipid profile
• thyroid panel
• basic metabolic panel (BMP)
• Complete metabolic panel (CMP)
• liver function test (LFT)
• pancreatic enzymes
• arterial blood gas (ABG)
• cardiac
• urine studies

Question 2

what is the range for hemoglobin

Answer 2

male: 140-180 mmol/L (14-18 g/dL)
female: 120-160 mmol/L (12-16 g/dL)

Question 3

what is the range for hematocrit

Answer 3

male: 0.42-0.52 mmol/L (42-52%)
female: 0.37-0.47 mmol/L (37-47%)

Question 4

what is the range for WBC

Answer 4

5-10 mm3 (5000 - 10000)

Question 5

what is the range for PLT

Answer 5

150-400 mm3

Question 6

Which lab value is measured when a patient is taking heparin?

Answer 6

PTT

Question 7

Which lab values are measured when a patient is taking warfarin?

Answer 7

INR + PT

Question 8

What is included in a CBC

Answer 8

• hemoglobin (Hgb)
• hematocrit (Hct)
• WBC
• RBC
• PLT

Question 9

What is included in a Coagulation Panel

Answer 9

• Prothrombin time (PT)
• international normalized ratio (INR)
• partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
• activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
• D-Dimer

Question 10

Which coag panel tests intrinsic coagulation cascade

Answer 10

PTT

Question 11

Which coag panel tests extrinsic coagulation cascade

Answer 11

PT + INR

Question 12

What is the range for PTT + aPTT

Answer 12

20-30 sec + 30-40 sec

Question 13

what is the therapeutic range of aPTT for someone on heparin

Answer 13

1.5-2.5x normal (45-75 sec)

Question 14

What is the range for PT

Answer 14

10-12 seconds

Question 15

What is the therapeutic range of PT for someone on warfarin

Answer 15

1.5-2x normal (18-24 sec)

Question 16

What is the range of INR

Answer 16

0.8-1.2

Question 17

What is the therapeutic range of INR for someone on warfarin

Answer 17

2-3x normal (2.4-3.6)

Question 18

What is included in the Lipid Profile

Answer 18

• cholesterol
• triglycerides
• high density lipoprotein (HDL)
• low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Question 19

what is the range for cholesterol

Answer 19

<200 mg/dL (<5.9 mmol/L)

Question 20

What is included in the thyroid panel

Answer 20

• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• serum thyroxine (T4)
• serum triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 21

What is included in a Basic metabolic panel (BMP)

Answer 21

• glucose
• sodium
• potassium

Question 22

What is the range for Sodium

Answer 22

135-145 mEq/L

Question 23

What is the range for Potassium

Answer 23

3.5-5 mEq/L

Question 24

What is included in the Complete Metabolic Panel (CMP)

Answer 24

• Calcium (Ca)
• Chloride (Cl)
• Carbon Dioxide Venous (CO2)
• Magnesium (Mg)
• Phosphorus (P)

Question 25

What is the range for Calcium

Answer 25

9-10.5 mg/dL (2.25-2.75 mmol/L)

Question 26

What is the range for Magnesium

Answer 26

1.5-2.5 mEq/L (0.74-1.07 mmol/L)

Question 27

What is the range of Phosphorus

Answer 27

3-4.5 mEq/L

Question 28

What is the range for Chloride

Answer 28

98 - 106 mEq/L

Question 29

What is included in Liver Function Test (LFT)

Answer 29

- Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - Bilirubin - Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) - Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) - Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Ammonia (NH3) - Protein Total - Albumin

Question 30

Which labs are made by the liver

Answer 30

- ALP, AST, ALT - total protein, Albumin

Question 31

Which labs are excreted by the liver

Answer 31

Bilirubin and Ammonia

Question 32

Which labs, when increased, indicate a liver problem

Answer 32

- Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) - Bilirubin - Ammonia

Question 33

Which labs, when decreased, indicate a liver problem

Answer 33

- Total Protein - Albumin

Question 34

What is included in Pancreatic Enzyme labs

Answer 34

- amylase - lipase

Question 35

What is included in an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Answer 35

- pH - HCO3 (Bicarbonate) - PaCO2 (carbon dioxide) - PaO2 (partial pressure oxygen) - SaO2 (ox sat) - Base Excess (BE)

Question 36

What is the range for pH

Answer 36

7.35-7.45

Question 37

What is the range for HCO3

Answer 37

22-28 mEq/L

Question 38

What is the range for PaC02

Answer 38

35-45 mmHg

Question 39

What is the range for Pa02

Answer 39

80-100 mmHg

Question 40

What is included in a cardiac panel

Answer 40

- CPK - CPK-MB - CPK-BB - myoglobin - Troponin - B-type Natriuretic peptide hormone (BNP)

Question 41

What does an increase in Troponin level indicate

Answer 41

Heart Attack

Question 42

What does an increase in BNP level indicate

Answer 42

Heart Failure (congestive)

Question 43

What is the non-diabetic range for HgA1C

Answer 43

4-6%

Question 45

What is included in a Renal Labs

Answer 45

- creatinine (Cr) - Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

Question 46

What is included in a Urine Studies

Answer 46

- Specific gravity - osmolality - albumin - WBC - Protein - Glucose - Ketones

Question 47

What does an increase in Albmun level in urine studies signify

Answer 47

kidney disease

Question 48

What does an increase in WBC level in urine studies signify

Answer 48

inflammation, UTI

Question 49

What does an increase in Protein level in urine studies signify

Answer 49

- kidney disease - preeclampsia

Question 50

What does an increase in Glucose level in urine studies signify

Answer 50

- diabetes - kidney disease

Question 51

What does an increase in ketones level in urine studies signify

Answer 51

- diabetes - kidney disease

Question 52

which 2 misc. lab values can indicate an inflammation

Answer 52

- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) - C-reactive protein (CRP)