lab values

Question 1

normal values for wbc?

Answer 1

5 - 10 thousand/uL

Question 2

normal values for ABG metrics: ph, pCo2, hc03

Answer 2

ph = 7.35 - 7.45
pCO2 = 35 - 45
HCO3 = 22 - 26

Question 3

normal values for RBC

Answer 3

4.2 - 6.1 million/uL

Question 4

normal values for hgb

Answer 4

12 - 18 g/uL

Question 5

normal values for hct

Answer 5

36 - 52%

Question 6

normal values for platelets

Answer 6

150 - 400 thousand/uL

Question 7

normal values for na+

Answer 7

136 - 145 mmol/L

Question 8

what is hyponatremia and the MAIN clinical manifestations and the 3 corresponding symptoms? and treatment

Answer 8

Low sodium

clinical manifestations :
when theres not enough sodium in the body, the water cant leave the cells so the cells swell, causing NEUROLOGIC issues specifically because the brain and neurologic cells cant expand much due to the skull

this causes CEREBRAL EDEMA

symptoms:
headache
N/V
lethargy -> confusion –> seizure -> coma

treatment:

if due to excess sodium loss or low sodium intake: oral salt, 0.9 NSS (isotonic), you dont want to inc salt too fast

if due to low sodium due to excess water: fluid restriction , diuretic

Question 9

normal values for k+

Answer 9

3.5 - 5 mmol/L

Question 10

normal values for CI-

Answer 10

98 - 106 mmol/L

Question 11

normal values for glucose?

Answer 11

70 - 99 mg/dL

Question 12

normal values for BUN (blood urea nitrogen) , youre supposed to pee this out

Answer 12

7 - 25 mg/dl

Question 13

normal values for SERUM CREATININE

Answer 13

0.5 - 1 mg/dL

Question 14

normal values for CO2

Answer 14

23 - 30 mmol/L

Question 15

normal values for calcium

Answer 15

8.4 - 10.2. mg/dL

Question 16

normal values for total protein

Answer 16

6. 1 - 7.9 g/uL

Question 17

normal values for bilirubin

Answer 17

0.3 - 1.2 mg/dL

Question 18

normal values for alkaline phosphate ?

Answer 18

38 - 126 u/L

Question 19

normal values for ALT?

Answer 19

14 - 63 U/L

Question 20

normal values for AST?

Answer 20

15 - 41 u/l

Question 21

normal values for cholesterol? (total, HDL and LDL)

Answer 21

Total: 100 -200 mg/dl
HDL (good) - more than 60
LDL - less than 100

Question 22

normal values for mag

Answer 22

1. 8 - 2.5 mg/dL

Question 23

normal values for phosphorus?

Answer 23

2.4 - 4.7 mg/dL

Question 24

normal values for PT?

Answer 24

11.3 - 13.6 seconds

A PT/INR test helps find out if your blood is clotting normally. It also checks to see if a medicine that prevents blood clots is working the way it should. Other names: prothrombin time/international normalized rati

Question 25

normal values for INR? what does a high INR mean ? whats the target INR value for someone on warfarin?

Answer 25

0.1 - 1 Seconds A PT/INR test helps find out if your blood is clotting normally. It also checks to see if a medicine that prevents blood clots is working the way it should. Other names: prothrombin time/international normalized ratio high inr means it takes LONGER for your blood to clot INR range on warfarin// an anticoagulant is 2 -3 seconds

Question 26

normal values for PTT?

Answer 26

25 - 30 A PT/INR test helps find out if your blood is clotting normally. It also checks to see if a medicine that prevents blood clots is working the way it should. Other names: prothrombin time/international normalized ratio

Question 27

what is hyperphosphatermia and its 4 clinical features

Answer 27

high phosphorus. phosphors and calcium are inversely related so high phosphorus means LOW calcium which is badddd 1. leads to paresthesias (numbness and tingling) of the lips and extremities 2. muscle spasms -> cramps -> tetany (involuntary muse contractions, BAD) 3. laryngospams -> stridor (noisy breathing) BAD 4. chvosteks & trousseau (twitching in face AND ischemia related spasm)

Question 28

what is an elevated BNP and what does it signfy?

Answer 28

protein hormone produced by the heart less than 100 picograms per mL signifys heart failure