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Module 2 Exam 2 > Lab Values and Data > Flashcards

Lab Values and Data Flashcards

1
Q

What are Labs for?

A
  • Screening
  • Diagnosis
  • Monitoring
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2
Q

What do Urine studies look at and screen?

A
  • Kidney funciton
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3
Q

What can urine reflect?

A

blood levels

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4
Q

What is a UA screening for?

A
  • Infection
  • Renal Function
  • Acid-Base Balance
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5
Q

What does a very dark and tea like urine indicate?

A

Liver issues

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What does a urinalysis screen for?

A
  • Infection
  • Renal Function
  • Acid-Base Balance
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8
Q

What can very dark-tea like urine indicate?

A

Liver issues

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9
Q

What do Timed Urine Specimen tests assess

A

Substances excreted over time and how ti effects our body’s hydration, metabolism, and position

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10
Q

If a Timed Urine Specimen is taken at specific predetermined times, what is it monitoring?

A
  • Pregnancy
  • Urobiligen
  • Nitrates
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11
Q

If urine tests are taken over 2 hours what is it monitoring>

A

Postprandial glucose (may be compared to blood samples)

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12
Q

What do we assess when we take 24hour urine samples/tests?

A
  • Hormones
  • Proteins
  • Creatinine
  • Kidney función
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13
Q

How do we keep urine stored if doing a 24hr urine test?

A

Kept cool

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14
Q

When do we start a 24hr test?

A

When a pt goes to void, we discard that first one then record the rest

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15
Q

What does a creatinine clearance measure?

A

Rate and efficiency of kidney filtration

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16
Q

How do kidney function and creatinine levels relate?

A

Inversely, more creatine means lower kidney function

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17
Q

Creatine clearance can detect…

A

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys

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18
Q

What does osmolality measure?

A

Dissolved particles in urine

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19
Q

What does osmolality determine?

A
  • Kidney concentrating ability
  • Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
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20
Q

How does urine osmolality relate to blood osmolality?

A

1:3 ratio (Urine:Blood)

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21
Q

Equation for osmolality?
What can give a rough estimate?

A

2(Na) + BUN/3 + Glucose/18
2(Na) is a rough estimate

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22
Q

High osmolality lvls in blood indicates?

A
  • Dehydration
  • Na/Glucose
  • HHNK or DKA (Type 2 or 1 diabetes)
  • Diuretic therapy
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23
Q

Low lvls of osmolality indicates?

A
  • Over hydration
  • SIADH (Syndrome Innapropiate Anti Diuretic Hormone)
  • CA
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24
Q

Prealbumin measures…

A

Nutrition statues and liver function

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25
Q

What do we try to determine with culture and sensitivity

A

Determines safest, most effective, and cheapest medication/treatment

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26
Q

When do we do Gram Stains?
What do we usually test?

A
  • When there’s suspected bacterial infections
  • Sputum
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27
Q

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring determines..

A

Effective Dose to prevent toxicity

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28
Q

Prothrombin Time assesses…

A

Coagulation of blood

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29
Q

International normalizing ratio assesses…

A

Warfarin Therapy

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30
Q

PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) assesses…

A

Coagulation or Heparin Therapy

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31
Q

High levels of PTT indicates

A
  • Clotting Deficiency
  • Cirrhosis
  • Heparin
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32
Q

Low levels of PTT indicates…

A

Ovary, pancreas, colon CA

33
Q

CBC is used to diagnose…

A
  • Anemias
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Infections
  • Blood cell changes
34
Q

CBC includes

A
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • HCT
  • HGB
  • Platelet count
35
Q

High neutrophils is associated with…

A

Bacteria and Trauma

36
Q

High eosinophils associated with…

A

Allergies and parasytes

37
Q

Basophils are high during

A

healing process

38
Q

Lymphocytes are high during

A

Chronic bacterial and viral infections

39
Q

HCT measures

A

Amount of Pure Red Blood Cells within 100mL of blood

40
Q

High HCT indicates

A
  • Dehydration
  • Diuretics
  • Burns
41
Q

Low HCT levels indicates

A
  • Old age
  • Anemias
  • Over hydration
42
Q

Hgb acts as a…

A

Acid-Balance buffer system

43
Q

High Hgb levels indicates…

A
  • Dehydration
  • CHF
  • Lung Disease
  • Heavy Smokers
44
Q
  • Low Hgb levels indicates
A
  • Anemias
  • Hemorrhage
  • Hodhkions
  • Kidney disease
45
Q

CMP measures…

A
  • Electrolyte balance
  • Kidney/Liver function
  • BS levels
  • Acid-Base balance
  • Blood Proteins!!
46
Q

What does a BMP measure?

A
  • Kidneys
  • BS
  • Electrolyte and Acid-Base balance
47
Q

High Glucose indicates…

A
  • DM
  • IV Fluids
  • Trauma
  • Surgery
  • Infection
  • MI:
48
Q

Low Glucose indicates?

A
  • Insulin overdose
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Liver Disease
49
Q

Sodium tests monitor?

A

FLuid/electrolyte/acid-base balance

50
Q

Low Na levels can predict…

A

Neuro issues

51
Q

Potassiums mainly plays a role in…

A

The Heart and some renal function

52
Q

Chloride is related to…

A

Na

53
Q

Chloride regulates

A

Amount of fluid in the body and acid-base balance

54
Q

High Cl indicates…

A

Kidney dysfunction

55
Q

CO2 screens for…

A

electrolyte and acid base imbalances

56
Q

If CO2 is bad then how do we test further?

A

ABG

57
Q

BUN

A

Blood Urine Nitrogen

58
Q

BUN measures

A

liver, metabolic, and kidney excretory function

59
Q

Urea

A

Leftovers that are excreted from protein breakdown

60
Q

BUN related to

A

Creatinine

61
Q

Low BUN related to

A
  • Malnutrition
  • Liver damage
62
Q

Creatinine tests are more specific for…

A

Kidney functions

63
Q

Creatinine

A

Waste product in blood and urine

64
Q

Calcium is related to ____ how?

A
  • Phosphorus
  • Inversely
65
Q

Magnesium is needed for

A

Neuromuscular (Cardiac) activity

66
Q

Low Mg means

A

Low Ca and K

67
Q

Mg monitors…

A

Neuromuscular and renal fxn

68
Q

Total Protein maintains…

A

Osmotic Pressure within vascular spaces

69
Q

Albumin maintains

A

Colloidal osmotic pressure

70
Q

Albumin transports

A
  • blood
  • hormones
  • Enzymes
71
Q

Albumin is related to…

A

Tissue growth and HEALING

72
Q

Low albumin shows…

A

Edema

73
Q

Total Bilirubin monitors

A

Liver Function

74
Q

Total Bilirubin can give an…

A

overall picture of liver function

75
Q

Total bilirubin made from

A

breakdown of old RBC’s

76
Q

Bilirubin can show

A

Liver drainage duct obstructions

77
Q

AST can detect

A

Liver injury and MI

78
Q

ALT screens for

A

liver disease and injury

79
Q

IF the liver is damaged what rises almost immediately?

A

ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase)

Module 2 Exam 2 (5 decks)

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