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Med-Surg Exam 3 > Lab Values and Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Lab Values and Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

increased neutrophils indicate?

A

acute bacterial/ viral infection

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2
Q

RBC are increased in:

A

polycythemia

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3
Q

bands/stabs are?

A

immature neutrophils

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4
Q

steroids can effect many lab values including

A

increased glucose
decreased potassium
increased sodium

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5
Q

what is normal lab value for specific gravity?

A

1.010-1.030

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

RN receives pre-op lab work for a client scheduled for surgery. Which should be reported?
RBC-4.5
Hbg-12.2
Creatinine-2.6
BUN-15

A

creatinine of 2.6

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8
Q

what supplements are useful in prevention of osteoporosis?

A

vitamin D
calcium

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9
Q

what is a normal Hgb in a female?

A

12-15

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10
Q

plt would be increased in:

A
  • Infection
  • Acute blood loss
  • Splenectomy
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11
Q

what is a normal Hgb in a male?

A

13.5-18

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12
Q

Plt lab value relates to what medications?

A

Enoxaprin, heparin

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13
Q

The RN should instruct the patient with platelet count less than 150,000 to avoid what?

A

the valsalva maneuver
(bearing down)

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14
Q

what does A DIFF mean?

A

the CBC was conducted by the computer

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15
Q

RN notes daily WBC in client drop from 3.5 to 2.5 what is the appropriate intervention?

A

Call physician and request order for reverse isolation

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16
Q

being neutropenic puts you at risk for?

A

infection
(reverse isolation)

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17
Q

INR relates specifically to what medication?

A

warfarin

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18
Q

what is a normal RBC level?

A

4.5-5.9

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19
Q

BNP is the opposite of what hormones function?

A

ADH

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20
Q

RBC are decreased in

A

-anemia
-blood loss

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21
Q

basophils are increased in?

A

allergy, healing, and inflammation (Histamine response)

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22
Q

Potassium lab value relates to what medication?

A

furosemide

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23
Q

what is a normal range for lymphocytes?

A

25-35%

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24
Q

Hct is increased in?

A

 Dehydration
 Hypovolemia

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25
Q

what does a serum lactate/lactic acid test for?

A

the end-point of anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the tissues
-Best marker for tissue perfusion

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26
Q

anion gap being decreased point to:

A

met. alkalosis

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27
Q

WBC are decreased in:

A

 anemia
 immunosuppression

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28
Q

what cells are the first line of defense against a bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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29
Q

what does BNP do?

A

diuresis

30
Q

what is a normal range for basophils?

A

0.4-1%

31
Q

Plt would be decreased in

A
  • ITP
  • Cancers
  • Leukemia
  • Chemo
  • Sepsis
  • DIC
  • ETOH
  • HIT
  • RX
32
Q

what is the trigger for BNP?

A

cardiac stretch

33
Q

what is a normal range for monocytes?

A

4-6%

34
Q

what should you remind family members to do when going into a pancytopenia patients room?

A

wash their hands

35
Q

eosinophils are increased in?

A

allergy and parasitic disease

36
Q

what is normal Hct for a female?

A

36-46%

37
Q

what is a normal Hct in males?

A

40-54%

38
Q

what do B cells do?

A

Make antibodies against antigens

39
Q

what is a normal range for eosinophils?

A

1-3%

40
Q

Hgb is high in patients with:

A

 Polycythemia
 Dehydration
 High altitude
 Smokers
 COPD
 Heart failure

41
Q

Hct is decreased in?

A

 Blood loss
 Anemia
 Leukemia

42
Q

anion gap being increased point to:

A

met. acidosis

43
Q

monocytes are increased when? what do they do?

A

oDestroy viruses, bacteria, and parasites
oIncreased with inflammation

44
Q

Client with thrombocytopenia has a severe headache, the nurse knows this could represent?

A

cerebral bleeding

45
Q

NK cells are decreased in:

A

some cancers, HIV, chemo, radiation, immune disorders, viruses

46
Q

Hgb is low in patients with:

A

 Anemia
 Blood loss
 Fluid overload
 Cancer
 Kidney disease

47
Q

what are the risk factors for osteoporosis?

A

oGenetics/family history
oGender
oHistory of prior fracture-occurring spontaneously
oIncreased age
oLow body weight
oLow lifetime ca and vitamin D intake
oEstrogen deficiency-menses
oCaucasian/Asian
oLack of weight-bearing physical activity

48
Q

what do helper T cells do?

A

T8-lysis of infected cells

49
Q

what is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A

-postmenopausal
-hyperthyroidism

50
Q

what is a normal WBC?

A

4.5-11

51
Q

what is a normal range for neutrophils?

A

50-65 or 70%

52
Q

The RN should assess client with thrombocytopenia that has developed hemorrhage for _____?

A

tachycardia

53
Q

what instruction should be included in discharge teaching in a patient with osteoporosis?

A

avoid using scatter rugs

54
Q

a patient is admitted with a diagnosis of a peptic ulcer and important indicator of hemorrhage is?

A

H and H

55
Q

what makes up lymphocytes, what cells?

A

b cells
helper T cells
NK cells

56
Q

what is the second line of defense to infection?

A

monocytes

57
Q

WBC are increased in:

A

inflammation
infection
trauma
physical or emotional stim
leukemia

58
Q

NK cells are increased in:

A

chronic, viral and some bacterial infections

59
Q

what are the cardiac labs?

A

oTroponin
oCreatine kinase (CPK)
Iso-enzymes (CPK-MB)
oLactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
oBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

60
Q

what is pancytopenia?

A

low levels of all cells
(such as in chemotherapy)

61
Q

risk for bleeding is related to what lab?

A

platlets

62
Q

shift to the left means?

A

bone marrow isn’t producing enough neutrophils leading to high levels of stabs/bands which are not useful. (all of the mature have been used up)

63
Q

what is a normal platlet level?

A

150-400

64
Q

what two cell types are able to perform phagocytosis?

A

neutrophils
macrophages

65
Q

the average life span of a neutrophil is…..

A

12-18 hours

66
Q

what is a left shift and what does it tell us?

A

immature neutrophils or “bands” are released into circulation due to the bone marrows inability to produce enough mature neutrophils. This indicates an infection or inflammation

67
Q

what is the trigger for the ventricles to release bnp?

A

increased pressure on the heart tissue when it is stretched dude to an increased blood volume

68
Q

what enzyme is not specific to the liver?

A

ALT
-alanine aminotransferasse

69
Q

the 3 liver enzymes….

A

ALT
AST
ALP

70
Q

when does the CK-MB level peak?

A

24 hrs after chest pain onset

71
Q

what enzyme is helpful in diagnosing an MI?

A

LDH
-lactic dehydrogenase

Med-Surg Exam 3 (3 decks)

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