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Med-Surg Exam 3 > Lab Values and Osteoporosis > Flashcards

Lab Values and Osteoporosis Flashcards

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1
Q

increased neutrophils indicate?

A

acute bacterial/ viral infection

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2
Q

RBC are increased in:

A

polycythemia

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3
Q

bands/stabs are?

A

immature neutrophils

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4
Q

steroids can effect many lab values including

A

increased glucose
decreased potassium
increased sodium

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5
Q

what is normal lab value for specific gravity?

A

1.010-1.030

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

RN receives pre-op lab work for a client scheduled for surgery. Which should be reported?
RBC-4.5
Hbg-12.2
Creatinine-2.6
BUN-15

A

creatinine of 2.6

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8
Q

what supplements are useful in prevention of osteoporosis?

A

vitamin D
calcium

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9
Q

what is a normal Hgb in a female?

A

12-15

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10
Q

plt would be increased in:

A
  • Infection
  • Acute blood loss
  • Splenectomy
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11
Q

what is a normal Hgb in a male?

A

13.5-18

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12
Q

Plt lab value relates to what medications?

A

Enoxaprin, heparin

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13
Q

The RN should instruct the patient with platelet count less than 150,000 to avoid what?

A

the valsalva maneuver
(bearing down)

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14
Q

what does A DIFF mean?

A

the CBC was conducted by the computer

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15
Q

RN notes daily WBC in client drop from 3.5 to 2.5 what is the appropriate intervention?

A

Call physician and request order for reverse isolation

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16
Q

being neutropenic puts you at risk for?

A

infection
(reverse isolation)

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17
Q

INR relates specifically to what medication?

A

warfarin

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18
Q

what is a normal RBC level?

A

4.5-5.9

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19
Q

BNP is the opposite of what hormones function?

A

ADH

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20
Q

RBC are decreased in

A

-anemia
-blood loss

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21
Q

basophils are increased in?

A

allergy, healing, and inflammation (Histamine response)

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22
Q

Potassium lab value relates to what medication?

A

furosemide

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23
Q

what is a normal range for lymphocytes?

A

25-35%

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24
Q

Hct is increased in?

A

 Dehydration
 Hypovolemia

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25
what does a serum lactate/lactic acid test for?
the end-point of anaerobic breakdown of glucose in the tissues -Best marker for tissue perfusion
26
anion gap being decreased point to:
met. alkalosis
27
WBC are decreased in:
 anemia  immunosuppression
28
what cells are the first line of defense against a bacterial infection
neutrophils
29
what does BNP do?
diuresis
30
what is a normal range for basophils?
0.4-1%
31
Plt would be decreased in
* ITP * Cancers * Leukemia * Chemo * Sepsis * DIC * ETOH * HIT * RX
32
what is the trigger for BNP?
cardiac stretch
33
what is a normal range for monocytes?
4-6%
34
what should you remind family members to do when going into a pancytopenia patients room?
wash their hands
35
eosinophils are increased in?
allergy and parasitic disease
36
what is normal Hct for a female?
36-46%
37
what is a normal Hct in males?
40-54%
38
what do B cells do?
Make antibodies against antigens
39
what is a normal range for eosinophils?
1-3%
40
Hgb is high in patients with:
 Polycythemia  Dehydration  High altitude  Smokers  COPD  Heart failure
41
Hct is decreased in?
 Blood loss  Anemia  Leukemia
42
anion gap being increased point to:
met. acidosis
43
monocytes are increased when? what do they do?
oDestroy viruses, bacteria, and parasites oIncreased with inflammation
44
Client with thrombocytopenia has a severe headache, the nurse knows this could represent?
cerebral bleeding
45
NK cells are decreased in:
some cancers, HIV, chemo, radiation, immune disorders, viruses
46
Hgb is low in patients with:
 Anemia  Blood loss  Fluid overload  Cancer  Kidney disease
47
what are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
oGenetics/family history oGender oHistory of prior fracture-occurring spontaneously oIncreased age oLow body weight oLow lifetime ca and vitamin D intake oEstrogen deficiency-menses oCaucasian/Asian oLack of weight-bearing physical activity
48
what do helper T cells do?
T8-lysis of infected cells
49
what is a risk factor for osteoporosis?
-postmenopausal -hyperthyroidism
50
what is a normal WBC?
4.5-11
51
what is a normal range for neutrophils?
50-65 or 70%
52
The RN should assess client with thrombocytopenia that has developed hemorrhage for _____?
tachycardia
53
what instruction should be included in discharge teaching in a patient with osteoporosis?
avoid using scatter rugs
54
a patient is admitted with a diagnosis of a peptic ulcer and important indicator of hemorrhage is?
H and H
55
what makes up lymphocytes, what cells?
b cells helper T cells NK cells
56
what is the second line of defense to infection?
monocytes
57
WBC are increased in:
inflammation infection trauma physical or emotional stim leukemia
58
NK cells are increased in:
chronic, viral and some bacterial infections
59
what are the cardiac labs?
oTroponin oCreatine kinase (CPK) Iso-enzymes (CPK-MB) oLactic dehydrogenase (LDH) oBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
60
what is pancytopenia?
low levels of all cells (such as in chemotherapy)
61
risk for bleeding is related to what lab?
platlets
62
shift to the left means?
bone marrow isn't producing enough neutrophils leading to high levels of stabs/bands which are not useful. (all of the mature have been used up)
63
what is a normal platlet level?
150-400
64
what two cell types are able to perform phagocytosis?
neutrophils macrophages
65
the average life span of a neutrophil is.....
12-18 hours
66
what is a left shift and what does it tell us?
immature neutrophils or "bands" are released into circulation due to the bone marrows inability to produce enough mature neutrophils. This indicates an infection or inflammation
67
what is the trigger for the ventricles to release bnp?
increased pressure on the heart tissue when it is stretched dude to an increased blood volume
68
what enzyme is not specific to the liver?
ALT -alanine aminotransferasse
69
the 3 liver enzymes....
ALT AST ALP
70
when does the CK-MB level peak?
24 hrs after chest pain onset
71
what enzyme is helpful in diagnosing an MI?
LDH -lactic dehydrogenase

Med-Surg Exam 3 (3 decks)

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