Labelling theories Flashcards
(15 cards)
who comes up with the social construction of deviance?
Becker
what does becker say ?
deviance is a social construction
moral entrepreneurs lead moral crusade create outsiders by deciding what is right or wrong . “deviance in eye of beholder”
social control agency’s help this
who comes up with differential enforcement ?
pilliavin and briar
what do pilliavin and briar say ?
police decisions based off stereotypical ideas : manner dress , class age ethnicity
EM 7x more stop and searched
A03: Differential enforcement
gives criminals victim status. ignores real victims such as shop owners whose stores are robbed
who comes up with typifications ?
Cicourel
what does cicourel say in typifications ?
WC and EM youths more likely to be arrested.
participant observation 4 year
MC youths less likely to, parents can negotiate justice on their behalf.
stats are result of DE
A03:
A03: for typifications
Left realists argue stats represent differences in rates of offending.
labelling affects people according to :
lemert
what does lemert say ? 1st
primary deviance occurs - not labelled as deviant e.g skipping fare
natural parts of life , not exactly criminal
lemert pt2
secondary deviance - societal reaction to crime is shame/ humiliation . leads to a master status / controlling identity.
shows how criminals become SFP
A03: lemert
idea is deterministic , ignores free will to reject label . also fails to determine why people commit crime in first place
EFFECTS OF LABELLING : young
study on hippies smoking marijuana.
was peripheral to culture, police perception lead to emphasis, deviant subculture formed , drug use central activity
Deviance amplification spiral: Cohen
mods and rockers fight outside chippy
media exaggeration causes moral panic
moral entrepreneurs marginalise mods and rockers as “folk devils”
leads to more deviance
