Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Repro. Med 4 > Labor > Flashcards

Labor Flashcards

1
Q

During labor, contractions that occur in a ____ pattern and produce ____ change (effacement and dilation)

A

regular

cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True labor is described as….

The contractions come in a regular pattern about __-__ minutes apart; each contraction lasts __-___ seconds.

A

3-5 min

30-60 sec

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

During labor…

  1. Cervix will dilate from __-__ cm
  2. Cervix will efface (thin) from ___-___% effaced
  3. Fetal head will move from its original station to +__ and out.
A

1-10 cm
0-100%
3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in effacement?

A

thinning + softening of cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the first delivery, effacement is completed, followed by ____.

In subsequent pregnancies, ___ has begun prior to labor, ___ usually waits till labor has ensued. which happens faster?

A

dilation

dilation
effacement

Dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fetal station is defined as where the head is in relation to the _____
Described as -__ to +___

A

ischial spines

3 (for both)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

____ occurs when the widest diameter of the presenting part (usually the head) has passed through the pelvic inlet.

“____” is a perception that often accompanies this

A

engagement

Lightening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ is described according to where the occiput of the fetal head is

A

fetal head position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the stages of labor?

A

1st stage: Dilation/Effacement
2nd stage: Pushing/Delivery
3rd Stage: Placental delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 phases of the 1st stage of labor?

A

Latent phase: early effacement and dilation from 0-4 cm

Active phase: rapid effacement, most dilation occurs most painful 6-fully dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Friedman’s curve?

A

a graph depicting the progression of labor

** outdated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the second stage, there is ____ to delivery of the fetus.
The mother experiences ___ and desire to ____

A

Full dilation

Pressure and desire to bear down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the second stage, there is ____ to delivery of the fetus. The mother experiences ___ and desire to ____

A

Full dilation

Pressure and desire to bear down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens to the fetal head during the second stage of labor

A

Molding of the fetal head

Caput-localized swelling of the fetal head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ are movements of the fetus that enable it to adapt to the pelvis and to move through the pelvis.

A

6 cardinal movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what tools can be used in instrumental deliveries

A

Forceps

Vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the indications for instrumental deliveries?

A

maternal exhaustion
dystocia
non-reassuring fetal status in second stage of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the benefits and risks of instrumental deliveries?

A

Benefits: avoid C-section
Risks: fetal + maternal injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an episiotomy

A

cutting the posterior vaginal opening. done if there is concern for baby fitting or needs to come out quick.

not done much anymore
repair with sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how are vaginal lacerations graded?
how are they repaired
what are complications of 3/4th degree tears?

A

1-4
reabsorbable sutures
urinary/defecation issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how long does the 3rd stage of labor usually take?

A

2-10 minutes to deliver the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are signs of placental separation in the 3rd stage of labor?

A

gush of blood
lengthening of umbilical cord
fundus rises up
uterus becomes firm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does the placenta commonly separate?

A

right after baby is delivered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how long should you wait before considering manual removal of the placenta?

A

20-30 min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
____ is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the mother's abdomen and uterus.
Cesarean section
26
what are common indications for C-section?
too small, too slow, too dangerous - cephalo-pelvic disproportion - Fetal malpresentations - Previous C-section - Fetal distress
27
what % of deliveries are via C-section?
32.2%
28
what are reasons for the high rate of C-sections in the US?
``` Bigger babies more prior C-section Fewer VBACs Medicolegal concerns Maternal requests ```
29
What is an absolute indication for C-section ?
if the uterine incision is above the lower uterine segment.
30
if a woman has had a prior C-section, there is a ___-___% risk of incision will rupture if the previous incision was above the lower uterine segment during the next labor
1-9%
31
why would a C-section incision occur above the lower uterine segment?
very premature delivery
32
Any woman with >___ prior C/S’s should be scheduled for repeat C/S with no option for labor.
2
33
what is malpresentation?
baby isn't in optimal position for birth - breech (most common) - transverse lie - shoulder presentation
34
___% of babies are breeach at 28 weeks at 36 weeks only __% of babies are breech
25% | 4%
35
____ is a procedure in which caregivers attempt to externally manipulate a fetus from breech to vertex
ECV: External Cephalic Version
36
On who is ECV: External Cephalic Version easiest to perform?
``` small fetus thin mom posterior placenta plenty of fluid no engaged ```
37
___ is the Creation of labor via use of cervical ripening agents or uterine contraction agents prior to natural labor beginning. Can be for fetal or maternal indications.
Induction
38
What scoring system is used to determine if the cervix is "favorable" for induction
Bishops
39
what are maternal indications for labor induction?
- fetal demise - severe HTN dz - medical issues (DM, Renal, pulm) - risk of precipitous labor or distance from hosptial
40
what are fetal indications of labor induction?
- Post-term pregnancy - Maternal HTN - DM - PROM - Chorioamnionitis - Oligohydramnios - IUGR - Rh sensitization
41
what are contraindications to labor induction?
- Placenta previa - Abnormal lie or presentation - Prior classic incision - Maternal HIV infection - Active genital herpes - Severe Pelvic abnormalities - Invasive cervical cancer
42
what are methods of induction?
membrane stripping amnitomy Pitocin Vaginal prostaglandins
43
____ is inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection.
Chorioamnionitis
44
Chorioamnionitis typically results from ____ ascending into the uterus from the vagina and is most often associated with ____ labor.
bacteria | prolonged
45
when should you suspect Chorioamnionitis?
at least 2 - fever - uterine tenderness - fetal tachycardia - Foul smelling amniotic fluid
46
what risks can occur from a Chorioamnionitis?
- Dysfunctional labor patterns (due to infxn of the contractile tissue) - Postpartum hemorrhage - Maternal infxn/sepsis/endometritis - Neonatal Sepsis and death
47
what increases the risk of Chorioamnionitis occurring
- Known vaginal infxns/ STD’s - Water broken >20 hours - Frequent cervical exams - Internal monitoring - PPROM or PTL
48
how do you tx Chorioamnionitis
IV abx fetal monitoring prompt delivery
49
Normal blood loss is about __-__ ml
300 - 500 ml
50
Early PPH presents w/ Blood loss >__ ml. in the first __ hours after a vaginal delivery or greater than ____ ml after a cesarean birth
500 ml 24 hr 1000 ml
51
___ is a hemorrhage that occurs after the first 24 hours
Late PPH:
52
___ is a hemorrhage that occurs after the first 24 hours
Late PPH
53
what are causes of early hemorrhage?
- Uterine Atony - Cervical or Uterine Lacerations - Retained Placental Fragments Also (Inversion of the Uterus, Placenta Accreta, Vulvar or Vaginal Hematomas)
54
what are RF for lacerations during birth?
- Instrumented or Precipitous delivery - Large or malpresented baby - Contracted (small) Pelvis
55
what are S/S of lacerations?
- bright red blood with a steady trickle and the uterus remains firm - maternal hypovolemia with firm uterus
56
what should you do if a laceration is suspected?
- type and cross early - meticulous inspection - suture bleeders - vaginal packing - blood replacement
57
___ is failure of the myometrium to contract. This happens, the distensible uterus fills with blood because of the lack of pressure on the open vessels of the placental site.
Uterine atony
58
what are predisposing factors for uterine atony
``` prolonged labor trauma due to obstetrical procedures overdistention of uterus grand multiparity excessive use of analgesia/anesthesia intrapartum stimulation with pitocin ```
59
how do you treat Uterine Atony (EXTRA)
- Bimanual Uterine Massage - Pitocin and Prostaglandins - Uterine packing - Hysterectomy
60
___ is characterized by the slow, abnormal progression of labor. (EXTRA)
Labor dystocia
61
labor dystocia is an imbalance of what 3 things (EXTRA)
Power (uterine contractions, maternal pushing efforts) Passage (birth canal) Passenger (fetus)
62
External monitoring can tell you how ___ contractions are. | Internal monitoring can also tell you how ___ contractions are. EXTRA
frequent | strong
63
What can cause a power imblance in labor dystocia | EXTRA
IV epidural
64
What can you do to improve the power imbalance in labor dystocia (EXTRA)
Pitocin nipple stimulation amniotomy
65
___% of women have atypical pelvic structures (EXTRA)
50%
66
What are "passage" issues that contribute to labor dystocia? (EXTRA)
Android pelvis - Ischial spines - pubic arch - Sacrum
67
how do you tx labor dystocia? (EXTRA)
depends on cause - allow more time - C-section - vacuum or forcep delivery

Repro. Med 4 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions