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Maternal/Child > Labor and Birth > Flashcards

Labor and Birth Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

dilation

A

the opening or enlargement of the external cervical

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2
Q

lightening

A

fetal presenting part begins to descend into the true pelvis

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3
Q

frequency

A

how often

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4
Q

duration

A

how long

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5
Q

intensity

A

how strong

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6
Q

false labor

A

occurs during the latter weeks of some pregnancies in which irregular uterine contractions are felt, but the cervix is not affected.

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7
Q

true labor

A

contractions occurring at regular intervals that increase in frequency, duration, and intensity. Progressive cervical dilation and effacement

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8
Q

5 P’s that affect the process of labor and birth

A 
Passageway (birth canal)
Passenger (fetus and placenta)
Powers (contractions)
Position (maternal)
Psychological response
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9
Q

5 P’s that can also affect the labor process

A 
Philosophy (low tech, high touch)
Partners (support caregivers)
Patience (natural timing)
Patient (client) preparation (childbirth knowledge base)
Pain management (comfort measures)
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10
Q

true pelvis

A

the bony passageway through which the fetus must travel

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11
Q

gynecoid pelvis

A

the true female pelvis, optimal shape

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12
Q

fetal attitude

A

degree of body flexion

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13
Q

fetal presentation

A

first body part that enters the pelvic inlet

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14
Q

molding

A

result of overlapping of the cranial bones

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15
Q

breech

A

feet or butt first

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16
Q

fetal station

A

the relationship of the presenting part to the level of the maternal ischial spines
measured in centimeters

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17
Q

fetal engagement

A

the entrance of the largest diameter of the fetal presenting part (usually head) into the smallest diameter of the maternal pelvis.

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18
Q

engagement

A

the greatest transverse diameter of the head passes through the pelvic inlet
1st cardinal movement

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19
Q

descent

A

the downward movement of the fetal head until it is within the pelvic inlet. Occurs with contractions.
Ends with birth.
2nd cardinal movement

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20
Q

flexion

A

the chin is brought into contact with the fetal thorax

3rd cardinal movement

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21
Q

internal rotation

A

as the head descends it rotates 45 degrees

4th cardinal movement

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22
Q

extension

A

resistance from the pelvic floor causes the fetal head to extend so that it can pass under the pubic arch.
anterior fontanel, brow, nose, mouth, chin are born
5th cardinal movement

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23
Q

external rotation (restitution)

A

the head realigns with the position of the back in the birth canal.
6th cardinal movement

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24
Q

expulsion

Study These Flashcards
A

the rest of the body is born

7th cardinal movement

25
7 cardinal movements
``` engagement descent flexion internal rotation extension external rotation (restitution) expulsion ```
26
amniotomy
artificial rupture of membranes
27
what suppresses the spontaneous contractions of the uterus?
progesterone
28
First stage of labor
progressive dilation of the cervix, ends when dilated to 10. BOW usually rupture during this stage but sometimes earlier or later. Divided into three phases-latent, active, transition
29
latent phase of first stage of labor
begins with start of regular contractions and end when rapid cervical dilation begins. Cervix dilates from 0-3 cm.
30
active phase of first stage of labor
starts at end of latent phase until complete cervical dilation. Dilates from 4-7 cm. Effacement 40%-80% More frequent contractions
31
transition phase of first stage of labor
dilation slows, progresses from 8- 10 cm. 80%-100% effacement. Worst contractions happen
32
Three phases of the first stage of labor
latent, active, transition
33
Second stage of labor
begins with the complete cervical dilation and effacement and ends with the birth of the newborn.
34
pelvic phase of second stage of labor
fetal head is negotiating the pelvis, rotating, and advancing in descent
35
perineal phase of second stage of labor
the fetal head is lower in the pelvis and is distending the perineum. Strong urge to push phase AKA active pushing
36
2 phases of the second stage of labor
pelvic | perineal
37
third stage of labor
begins with the birth of the newborn and ends with the separation and birth of placenta
38
placental separation of the third stage of labor
contractions cause the placenta to pull away from the uterine wall
39
placental expulsion of the third stage of labor
continued uterine contractions cause the placenta to be expelled. Uterus is then massaged.
40
normal blood loss for vaginal birth
500 ml
41
normal blood loss for c-section
1,000 ml
42
2 phases of the third stage of labor
placental separation | placental expulsion
43
Fourth stage of labor
begins after expulsion of placenta and membranes and ends with the initial physiologic adjustment and stabilization of the mother. Closely monitor mother
44
how much should the cervix dilate an hour
1 cm/ hr
45
cloudy or foul smelling amniotic fluid indicates?
infection | normal should be clear and odorless
46
electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
detects fetal pulse by sensing and analyzing tissue movements via doppler ultrasound.
47
continuous cardiotocography (CTG)
predominant method of fetal monitoring. | External, two ultrasound transducers, attached to a belt, applied to womans abdomen.
48
continuous internal monitoring
usually indicated for women or fetuses considered to be high risk placement of a spiral electrode into the fetal presenting part.- FHR AND pressure transducer placed internally to record uterine contractions
49
4 criteria for continuous internal monitoring to be used
ruptured membranes cervical dilation of at least 2 cm fetus low enough for placement of electrode skilled practitioner available to insert the electrode
50
baseline FHR
the average FHR that occurs during a 10 minute segment that excludes periodic or episodic rate changes, such as tachy or bradycardia. Assessed when no contractions are happening
51
causes of fetal bradycardia
fetal hypoxia prolonged maternal hypoglycemia, fetal acidosis, analgesics to mother, hypothermia, epidural, maternal hypotension, fetal hypothermia, prolonged umbilical cord compression, fetal congenital heart block.
52
causes of fetal tachycardia
asphyxia, fetal hypoxia, maternal fever, maternal dehydration, amnionitis, drugs, maternal hyperthyroidism, maternal anxiety, fetal anemia, prematurity, fetal infection, chronic hypoxemia, congenital abnormalities, fetal heart failure, fetal arrhythmias.
53
periodic baseline changes
temporary, recurrent changes made in response to a stimulus such as a contraction.
54
deceleration
a transient fall in FHR caused by a stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.
55
early decelerations
gradual decrease in the FHR in which the nadir (lowest point) occurs at the peak of the contraction
56
late decelerations
occur after the peak of the contraction. NOT GOOD, can indicate fetal hypoxia
57
variable decelerations
abrupt decreases in FHR below baseline and have an unpredictable shape on the FHR baseline, possibly demonstrating no consistent relationship to uterine contractions. Associated the cord compression
58
effleurage
light, stroking, superficial touch of the abdomen, in rhythm with breathing during contractions.
59
epidural
injection of drug into the epidural space, entered through the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae

Maternal/Child (4 decks)

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