Laboratory Flashcards
(112 cards)
1
Q
Explain the Law of Multiple Proportions
A
In a compound, the mass of element B combined with the fixed mass of element A has a ratio of small whole numbers.
2
Q
Used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel
A
Weighing boat
3
Q
1 ounce is equal to how many grams
A
28.350 grams
4
Q
Formula for converting F to C
A
F = 5/9 (C -32)
5
Q
Used to heat solids, particularly metals at a very high temperature
A
Crucible
6
Q
What is an exothermic reaction?
A
When the bonding releases more energy to produce a substance than when breaking down the reactants.
7
Q
What is an endothermic reaction?
A
Chemical reactions that absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products.
8
Q
When is the beaker used?
A
Used in holding solids and liquids that do not release gas and are unlikely to splatter
9
Q
It has a narrow neck to prevent splash exposure
A
Florence flask
10
Q
Erlenmeyer flask
A
Used for holding solids and liquids that release gases and are most likely to splatter
11
Q
Used to measure small volumes of liquids
A
Graduated cylinder
12
Q
Gas collecting bottle
A
hold large volume of gases extracted through displacement of water
13
Q
Test tube
A
hold chemicals at smaller amount
14
Q
Used to close containers and to prevent contamination within the substance
A
Rubber stoppers
15
Q
Used to perform multiple small reactions at the same time
A
Spot Plates
16
Q
Watch glass
A
To hold small amount of solids, usually a product
17
Q
Glass stir rod
A
To manually stir and transfer a drop
18
Q
Medicine dropper
A
To transfer small amount of liquids
19
Q
To pick up small pieces
A
Forceps
20
Q
Funnel
A
To transfer a substance to another vessel
21
Q
Measure exact volumes of liquids
A
Mohr pipet
22
Q
Used to put distilled water in a specific area
A
Wash bottle
23
Q
Spatulas
A
Used to dispense small solid particles
24
Q
Used to hold heated beakers
A
Beaker thong
25
Bunsen Burners
used to heat nonvolatile solids and liquids
26
Evaporating dish
to heat stable compounds and elements
27
holds crucible when heating through a bunsen burner
Clay triangle
28
Triangular files
Used to cut stir rod
29
a convenient way of heating using bunsen burners
Ring stand
30
Iron rings
provide stable and elevated platform when heating through a bunsen burner
31
Utility clamps
Used to hold test tubes
32
Double buret clamps
Used to hold burets when heating
33
What is a buret?
Mostly used in titration
34
Wire Gauze
a place to stand a beaker
35
Pressed fiber pad
a platform to avoid contact between a cold counter top and a heated beaker
36
Strikers
Used to ignite bunsen burners
37
True or False. Use water displacement in measuring the volume of things that has no definite shape.
True
38
Define measurement.
Process of comparing quantity to a standard quantity and identifying if it exceeds or is less than the standard.
39
The method used in measuring
Type
40
An actual numerical value
Magnitude
41
Unit
standard quantity
42
Random errors in a measurement
Uncertainty
43
Where did the SI Units originate?
France
44
SI Units stands for?
International System of Units
45
Enumerate the big 7 and its corresponding units.
```
Length - meter
Mass - kilograms
Time - second
Temperature - kelvin
Amount of substance - mole
Luminous intensity - candela
Electric current - Ampere
```
46
Also known as the general system
Metric system
47
What system uses measurements that have no definite ratio and proportion?
The British / Imperial System
48
How many ounces in a pound?
16 oz
49
1 lb = ? grams
453.592 grams
50
What is the process of filtration?
Solids are separated from liquids through a filter medium that only permits liquids to pass.
51
Distillation
Used to separate substances with different boiling temperatures.
52
True or False. In distillation, a substance that has a very low boiling temperature is the last to pass in the process.
False.
53
Explain the process of distillation.
The mixture is heated until it reaches its boiling temperature, the substance is transferred to a condenser and it will be the one separated. The other is left behind in the distillate.
54
Used to separate a soluble solid into a liquid.
Evaporation
55
A process involving impure solids dissolved in a heated solvent and cooled down at room temperature until crystals formed
Crystallization
56
The device used in centrifugation
Centrifuge
57
What happens when a mixture is placed on the centrifuge?
The denser component of a mixture will sink at the bottom due to the centripetal force they experienced during the process.
58
What is the difference between sedimentation and decantation?
Sedimentation is where solid particles settle out of a liquid duet to force of gravity. Decantation is similar but with insoluble liquids and is a slow and tedious process.
59
A separation that uses magnets to attract magnetic materials in a composition
Magnetic separation
60
A separation where the other component goes from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid state.
Sublimation
61
A law that states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed and must remain constant over time.
Law of Conservation of Mass
62
True or False. Total mass of reactants = total mass of the products
True
63
Law of Definite Proportions
A chemical compound has a fixed and constant proportion by its corresponding elements.
64
The formula in calculating the percentage mass.
% = (mass of element in one mole/ mass of compound in one mole ) * 100
65
A good conductor of heat and electricity
Metals
66
Also known as insulators
Nonmetals
67
True or False. Nonmetals have large atomic radii, high ionization, and large negative electron affinities.
(If false, correct the statement)
False. Nonmetals have small atomic radii, high ionization, and large negative electron affinities.
68
Also known as elements in "stairsteps"
Metalloids
69
True or False. A metalloid is metal-like with nonmetal properties.
True
70
What elements are halogens?
F, Br, Cl, I, As
71
Which halogen is the most reactive and why?
Fluorine due to its high electronegativity
72
Define electronegativity.
The measure of tendency of an atom to attract bonding electrons.
73
True or False. The more reactive element displaces the less reactive in a compound
True
74
Organic Chemistry
The study of compounds of carbons and its derivatives.
75
A small atom that forms a single, double, and triple bond
Carbon
76
True or False. Organic compounds are all compounds of carbon except oxides of carbon, carbonates, bicarbonates and carbides of metals
True
77
True or False. Organic compounds are ionic in nature.
| If false, correct the statement
False. They are covalent and nonpolar in nature.
78
True or False. Organic compounds burn exothermically
| If false, correct the statement
True
79
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
Isomerism
80
Used in finding out if a substance is present in a sample
Qualitative analysis
81
What is quantitative analysis?
Used to find out how much substance in a sample.
82
A group of atoms found within molecules that are involved in the characteristics of the chemical reaction of those molecules
Functional Groups
83
Hydrocarbons can be classified as either?
Aromatic or aliphatic compounds
84
Differentiate saturated and unsaturated compounds.
Saturated are those having a single bond with a hydrogen atom. Unsaturated consist of a double or triple bond
85
What does EAS stand for?
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
86
Gives the actual number of atoms present in a compound
Molecular formula
87
Smallest whole number ratio
Empirical formula
88
Enumerate and explain the two classifications of matter.
Pure substance are those that cannot be broken down into simplest form and has a constant properties. Mixture is when two or more substances are physically combined.
89
What are the two types of a mixture?
Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture.
90
Malleability
The capability of being shaped or extended
91
Used to measure a substance's ability to conduct heat
Thermal conductivity
92
Zn, Fe, Ni, Mg are examples of?
Metals
93
True or False. Silicon and Carbon are nonmetals
| If false, correct the statement.
False. Si and C are metalloids.
94
Reactivity of displacement of Cl
Reacts with Br & I
95
What are Fl and Cl's physical states?
Gas
96
True or False. I and As are Solid at room temperature.
True
97
Define thermal decomposition
Breaking down of a composition through heating
98
Which color of flame is rare?
Blue
99
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Potassium
Lilac
100
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Barium
Pale Green
101
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Calcium
Orange
102
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Lithium
Red
103
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Copper
Blue Green
104
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Strontium
Pink
105
Determine the color of the element in the flame test.
Sodium
Yellow Orange
106
What is the relationship between electronegativity and reactivity?
Elements with higher electronegativity tend to be more reactive
107
What is the product in an experiment for the thermal stability of carbonates?
Metal oxide and carbon dioxide
108
Who was the proponent of Law of Definite Proportions and when was it proposed?
Joseph Louis Proust of France in 1794
109
Who was the proponent of Law of Multiple Proportions and when was it proposed?
John Dalton in 1804
110
Define accuracy.
How close is the measured value to the true value
111
Define precision.
How close the measured values are to each other.
112
Enumerate elements in halogen group and its corresponding color
```
Fluorine - pale green
Chlorine - greenish-yellow
Bromine - reddish brown
Iodine - Purple
Astatine - black
```
