Laboratory diagnoses of helminth infections. Fasciolosis, dicrocoeliosis and paramphistomatidosis Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
How many forms of Fasciola larvae appear only inside the body of intermediate host>
A
2
2
Q
What is the most important intermediate host of F. hepatica in Europe?
A
Galba truncatula
3
Q
Which animal is the most susceptible for Fasciola infection?
A
Sheep
4
Q
What is the best way to detect lancet fluke eggs in faeces?
A
Flotation
5
Q
What is the larval stage of Paramphistomum that can swim in water?
A
Its saying both miracidium and cercaria
6
Q
What age of sheep is most susceptible for acute Fasciolosis?
A
Lambs under 8 months
7
Q
What is the most frequent consequence of Dicrocoelium infection in cattle?
A
Symptomless
8
Q
What term characterizes rumen flukes?
A
Suckers at both ends
Pinkish body
Bisexual
Hemaphrodite
9
Q
What larval form is missing during development of lancet flukes?
A
redia
10
Q
How many larval forms of lancet fluke appear only inside the body of snail?
A
1
11
Q
What snail can be an intermediate host of Paramphistomum cervi?
A
Planorbis planorbis
12
Q
Which animal is least susceptible for Fasciola infection?
A
Cat
13
Q
What is the way to detect fluke eggs in feces?
A
Sedimentation
14
Q
What is the larval stage of Dicrocoelium that develops in ants?
A
Metacercaria
15
Q
Which age of sheep is the most affected by chronic Fasciolosis?
A
After 1 year
16
Q
What is the colour of mucosa of lips during acute Fasciolosis?
A
Normal, pink
17
Q
What characterizes lancet flukes?
A
Flat body
Hermaphrodite
18
Q
What organ do the young rumen fluke attach to first, on the course of infection?
A
Duodenum
19
Q
How many larval stages of Dicrocoelium can actively move in the environment?
A
0
20
Q
What are the intermediate hosts for both Fasciola and Calicophoron flukes?
A
Galba truncatula snails
21
Q
What are the second intermediate host of lancet flukes?
A
Ant species
22
Q
How many Fasciola metacercariae are needed to cause acute infection in cattle?
A
More than 1000 are enough
23
Q
What does the fresh egg of Calicophorn fluke contain?
A
Zygote
24
Q
What is the colour of liver fluke egg?
A
Yellow
25
What genus has the longest praepatent period in the final host?
Paramphistomum
26
What is the species that never causes acute form of a disease?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
27
Which term characterizes Fasciola flukes?
Flat body
| Head cone
28
This is not absolutely necessary for the development of lancet fluke.
Redia stage
Water
Freshwater snail
** or is it second intermediate host??
29
Which fluke is the largest?
F. hepatica
30
What are the steps of the lifecycle of F. hepatica?
MI - SPO - RE1 - RE2 - CE
31
How big is Fasciola hepatica adult?
2-3cm
32
How is the shape of the Fasciola hepatica?
Leaf-like
33
Which species develops with two intermediate hosts?
D. dendriticum
34
Which species has 40-50 μm, sized, brownish eggs?
Other
35
How can you diagnose acute Fasciolosis?
With necroscopy
36
You can find a few mm long worms in the liver parenchyma. This is.
F. hepatica
37
The life cycle of ... MI-SPO-RE1-RE2-CE.
F. hepatica
38
Which species is 140-150 μm long, and colourless?
Paramphistomum cervi
39
How can you diagnose chronic paramphistomatidosis?
With sedimentation
40
You can find a few mm long worms in ductus choleductus. This is...
D. dendriticum and F. hepatica
41
What is the intermediate host of Paramphistomum species?
Planorbids
42
What is the intermediate host of Calicophoron daubneyi?
Galba truncatula
43
What is the lifecycle of F. hepatica in Lymnaea peregra snail?
None
44
What is the family of the Fascicola?
Trematodes
45
What technique do you use to measure the size of the parasites?
Micrometry
46
Which technique concentrates fluke eggs?
Sedimentation
47
What is the host spectrum of Fasciola hepatica?
Wide!! mostly herbivorous mammals
| and humans
48
What is another name for Fasciola hepatica?
Common liver fluke
49
What kind of method is used to detect Fasciola hepatica egg?
Sedimentation or flotation
50
Where can you find the adult form of Fasciola hepatica?
In the bile duct and gall bladder
51
Where can you find the juvenile form of Fasciola hepatica?
Penetrates the intestine and migrates to the liver via the abdominal cavity
52
After the death of F. hepatica flukes what can be found?
Fibrotic tracts or necrotic areas on the liver
53
What are special about the diagnosis of acute Fasciolosis?
No eggs in the faeces
54
How can you treat the Fasciolosis?
Triclabendazole
55
What is the main source of heavy Fasciolosis?
Secondary biotopes
56
What is the size of the eggs of F. hepatica?
120-150 μm
57
Which colour of the eggs does Fasciola hepatica have?
Golden yellow
58
What does the Fasciola hepatica eggs contain?
Zygote
59
What surrounds the egg of the F. hepatica?
Granulated yolk
60
Zygote containing egg of F. hepatica develops into?
Ciliated larva= miracidium
61
F. hepatica: in the body of snail the first larva turns into?
Bladder-like sporocyst
62
In which stage does the F. hepatica shed their tail?
Cercariae
63
How long takes the migration in the liver parenchyma of F. hepatica?
4-6 weeks
64
Approximately how long is the praepatent period of F. hepatica?
10 weeks
65
What are the definitive hosts of F. hepatica?
All kinds of Ru, mainly the hollow horned ones (bovidae)
66
What are the most susceptible species for Fasciola hepatica?
Sheep, goat, rabbut, hare (artificially rat and mouse)
67
What are the moderately susceptible species of Fasciola hepatica?
Cattle, deer, roe-deer, moufflon, buffalo and camel (artificially guinea pig)
68
What are the least susceptible species for Fasciola heptica?
Horse, pig, dog, cat and humans
69
What can be the symptoms of acute form of Fasciola hepatica?
Rapid weight loss
| Sudden death
70
What colour are the mucous membranes in case of sub acute Fasciolosis?
Pale
71
Mixed infections with F. magna and F. hepatica can occur in?
Cattle
72
What is the definite host of the Fascioloides magna?
Deer
73
What is the aberran host of the Fascioloides magna?
Sheep and goat
74
What is the paratenic host of the Fascioloides magna?
Cattle
75
What are the steps of the lifecycle in rumen fluke?
MI - SPO - RE1 - CE (Miracidium, Sporocysts, Redia and Cercaria)
76
Where does the development take place for paramphistomid?
in land and in water
77
Which snail species is amphibious?
Planorbid species
78
How long is the praepatent period of rumen flukes?
16-18 wks
79
Where can you find immature rumen flukes?
Duodenum and abomasum
80
Juvenile form of rumen flukes is found in?
Duodenum
81
What colour does the eggs of rumen flukes have?
Colourless
82
What is special about the juvenile rumen flukes?
They never leave the intestinal canal from their route from the small intestine to the fore stomach
83
In which animals is the rumen fluke common?
Wild animals
84
What is the genus name for rumen fluke?
Calicophoron
85
Where does the rumen fluke take place?
Rumen and reticulum
86
What is the size of the rumen fluke?
1-2cm
87
What is the shape of the rumen fluke?
Bean-like, conical
88
What are the symptoms of chronic or rumen paramphistomatidosis?
No symptoms
89
Adult rumen flukes are found ... during acute paramphistomatidosis?
Nowhere, because the adult form are not found in the acute form!!
90
To diagnose rumen fluke we can use?
Sedimentation or flotation
91
How can you diagnose acute form of rumen fluke?
No eggs only juvenile flukes found in the faeces, microscopy
92
How can you diagnose the chronic form of Rumen fluke?
Faecal egg cound and necroscopy
93
How to treat the acute form of rumen flukes?
Stop grazing
Fluke-free pastures
Niclosamide
94
How to treat the chronic form of rumen flukes?
Levamizole
| Oxikolzanid
95
What is the main difference between the eggs of rumen fluke and F. hepatica?
Colour
| fasciola golden yellow, rumen fluke colourless
96
What is the size of the eggs of lancet flukes?
40-48 μm long
97
Which fluke is the smallest?
Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.5-1cm)
98
What is the development of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in ants?
CE-ME
99
What is the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in snails?
MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - RE - CE
100
When is the miracidium able to hatch in the lancet flukes?
If the egg is consumed by land snail
101
Acute form was never mentioned in?
Dicrocoeliosis
102
Where does the larva of the lancet fluke hatch?
In the intestines of the snails
103
Where does the larva of the lancet fluke develops?
In the body cavity of the intermediate host to sporocyst
104
What does the sporocyst of the lancet fluke produce?
Several generations of other sporocysts (also called daughter sporocyst)
105
Cercariae of the lancet fluke have a sharp spine on the tip of the head, what is it called?
Stylet
106
How do the cercariae of the lancet fluke leave the snail?
With the expelled mucus
107
Where does juvenile lancet flukes develop into adults?
Liver, through biliary ducts
108
Approximately how long is the praepatent period in the lancet flukes?
About 7-9 weeks
109
What is the intermediate host of lancet flukes?
Small land snails may act as the first intermediate host
110
For how long does the infected snail survive in the lancet flukes?
1-4 years
111
What is the second intermediate host of the lancet flukes?
Ants
112
How long do the infected ants of the lancet flukes survive for?
Maximum 1 year
113
Which biotope is important in dicrocoeliosis?
None!!
| Not primary nor secondary
114
Where does Schistosomatidosis (blood fluke disease) occur?
In the vessels
115
How is the male of the Schistosomiasis?
Broad, flat and inwardly curved forming a groove
116
How big is the Schistosomiasis?
o.5- 3cm long
117
How is the lifecycle of Schistosomiasis?
MI - SPO1 - SPO2 - CE
118
What is the infective stage of the Schistosomiasis?
Furcocercariae
119
How is the shape of Schistosomiasis?
Thread-like
120
Which of the Schistosoma is most pathologic?
Japonicum
121
Which of the Schistosoma is the biggest?
Female
122
Schistosoma bovis occurs in which species?
Cattle, sheep and goat
123
Schistosoma bovis can be found in?
Portal, mesenteric and urogenital veins
| PUM
124
Schistosoma mattheei occurs in which species?
Domestic and wild ruminants, zebra, occasionally humans
125
Schistosoma mattheei can be found in?
HIB
| Hepatic, intestinal and bladder veins
126
Schistosoma japonicum occurs in which species?
Most domesctic and wild animals and humans
127
Schistosoma japonicum can be found in?
Portal adn mesenteric veins
128
Schistosoma mansoni occurs in which species?
Humans
129
Schistosoma mansoni will cause?
Bladder schistosomiasis
130
Schistosoma haematobium occurs in which species?
Humans
131
How big are the eggs of Schistosomiasis?
130-280mm
132
How is the shape of the Schistosomiasis?
Spindle-shaped or spiny
133
What does the eggs of the Schistosomiais contain?
Miracidium when passed out with the faeces or urine
134
What are characteristics about the eggs of Schistosomiasis?
Covered in microbarbs, which cling to the vasc endothelium
135
During acute infection of Schistosomiasis what does cercariae do?
Penetrate skin and cause rash (schistosome or swimmer's itch)
136
Eggs of Schistosomiasis, which is laid in target organs, release antigens and will cause?
Katayama fever
137
How can you treat Schistosomiasis?
Praziquantel
138
Alariosis is not very common in?
Dogs and cats, but prevelance in wild carnivores
139
How big is the Alaria alata?
2-6mm
140
How many intermediate hosts does the Alaria alata have?
2
141
What are the intermediate hosts of the Alaria alata?
Snails and tadpoles
142
What are the paratenic hosts (mesocercaria) of Alaria alata?
Wild boar, pig, poultry, human (lung and eye)
143
How can you diagnose Alariosis?
Sedimentation, flotation and necroscopy
144
What is the colour of the Alaria alata?
Yellow
145
How can you treat Alariosis?
Praziquantel
