Laboratory Safety

Question 1

kills all forms of microbial life

Answer 1

sterilization

Question 2

destroys pathogenic organisms

Answer 2

Disinfection

Question 3

removal of pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 3

Decontamination

Question 4

Sterilization, disinfection, and decontamination are affected by?

Answer 4

Organic load
Type of organism present
Concentration and exposure time
Physical and chemical nature of the surface
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Presence of biofilm

Question 5

What are the methods of sterilization

Answer 5

Incineration
Moist heat
Dry heat
Filtration
Ionizing (gamma) radiation
Chemicals

Question 6

Temp for Incineration

Answer 6

870-980 degrees

Question 7

what method of sterilization has the safest method

Answer 7

Incineration

Question 8

Methods capable of destroying prions and infective proteins

Answer 8

Incineration

Question 9

Steam under pressure

Answer 9

Moist heat

Question 10

Temp for moist heat

Answer 10

121 and 132 degrees

Question 11

the fastest and simplest method of sterilization

Answer 11

Moist heat

Question 12

An example of moist heat

Answer 12

Autoclave

Question 13

How long does dry heat sterilization typically require for effective sterilization?

Answer 13

1.5-3 hours

Question 14

What temperature range is used for dry heat sterilization?

Answer 14

160-180 degrees

Question 15

What types of materials are suitable for sterilization using dry heat?

Answer 15

Glasswares
Oil
Petrolatum
Powders

Question 16

which has higher temperature? Moist heat or dry heat

Answer 16

Dry heat

Question 17

What types of substances can be sterilized using filtration?

Answer 17

Antibiotic solutions, toxic chemicals, radioisotopes, vaccines, and carbohydrates

Question 18

What type of membrane is used for liquid filtration and how is it operated?

Answer 18

Cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate membrane with vacuum

Question 19

What type of filter is used for air filtration

Answer 19

High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter

Question 20

what is HEPA particle size efficiency ?

Answer 20

(0.3 μm)

Question 21

HEPA means

Answer 21

High efficiency particulate air

Question 22

What type of sterilization is suitable for disposable items?

Answer 22

Ionizing (gamma) radiation

Question 23

What is the most common chemical used for sterilization in gaseous form?

Answer 23

Ethylene oxide

Question 24

What sterilization method is suitable for HEPA filters, metals, and nonmetal devices such as medical instruments?

Answer 24

Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide

Question 25

What is another chemical sterilization method besides vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 25

Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma

Question 26

What are the Physical methods of disinfection

Answer 26

Boiling Pasteurizing Nonionizing radiation

Question 27

What type of disinfection method uses 100°C for 15 minutes?

Answer 27

Boiling

Question 28

What temperature and duration are used for boiling to disinfect vegetative bacteria?

Answer 28

100°C for 15 minutes

Question 29

What temperature and duration are used for pasteurizing to eliminate food pathogens?

Answer 29

70°C for 30 minutes

Question 30

What type of nonionizing radiation is used for disinfection?

Answer 30

UV light

Question 31

What is the purpose of pasteurizing at 70°C for 30 minutes?

Answer 31

To eliminate food pathogens

Question 32

What kind of bacteria are targeted by boiling at 100°C for 15 minutes?

Answer 32

Vegetative bacteria

Question 33

What are the chemical methods of disinfection

Answer 33

Alcohols Aldehydes Halogens Peracetic acid Hydrogen peroxide Quaternary ammonium Phenolics

Question 34

What concentration range of alcohol is effective for disinfection?

Answer 34

60-90% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol solution

Question 35

Which aldehydes are used as disinfectants and how long do they take to be sporicidal?

Answer 35

Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde (sporicidal in 3-10 hours)

Question 36

What chemical is used for surface disinfection of surgical instruments?

Answer 36

Peracetic acid

Question 37

What concentration of hydrogen peroxide is used for disinfecting inanimate objects?

Answer 37

3% hydrogen peroxide

Question 38

Which disinfectant is commonly used on bench tops or other surfaces?

Answer 38

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Question 39

What type of phenolics is used for disinfection, and what is a common example?

Answer 39

Derivatives of carbolic acid (phenol); example: Amphyl

Question 40

What is a widely used antiseptic

Answer 40

Iodine

Question 41

What concentration of alcohol is used as an antiseptic?

Answer 41

70% alcohol

Question 42

What concentration of silver nitrate is used as an antiseptic?

Answer 42

1% silver nitrate

Question 43

What labeling system is used to identify hazardous chemicals in the workplace?

Answer 43

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) label

Question 44

What is the purpose of a chemical hygiene plan?

Answer 44

To provide guidelines on proper labeling of chemical containers

Question 45

What document provides detailed information about the safety and handling of chemicals?

Answer 45

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

Question 46

What is required for chemical safety training in the workplace?

Answer 46

Written chemical safety training and retraining programs

Question 47

What is the primary function of fume hoods in a laboratory?

Answer 47

To protect against chemical odor

Question 48

They protect against chemical odor, but they are not HEPA-filtered to trap pathogenic microorganisms

Answer 48

Fume hood

Question 49

Are fume hoods HEPA-filtered to trap pathogenic microorganisms?

Answer 49

No

Question 50

NFPA diamond: Blue

Answer 50

Health hazard

Question 51

NFPA diamond: Red

Answer 51

Fire hazard

Question 52

NFPA diamond: white

Answer 52

special hazard

Question 53

NFPA diamond: yellow

Answer 53

Instability / reactivity hazard

Question 54

What types of materials does a Type A fire extinguisher protect against?

Answer 54

Trash, wood, paper

Question 55

What type of fires is a Type B fire extinguisher used for?

Answer 55

chemical fires

Question 56

What kind of fires does a Type C fire extinguisher address?

Answer 56

Electrical fires

Question 57

In case of a fire remember the ____ acronym

Answer 57

RACE

Question 58

Race acronym means

Answer 58

Rescue Alarm Contain Extinguish

Question 59

What year did the CDC introduce Universal Precautions?

Answer 59

1987

Question 60

What were Universal Precautions introduced by the CDC in 1987 aimed at reducing?

Answer 60

The risk of HBV transmission in clinical laboratories and blood banks

Question 61

What do Standard Precautions, established in 1996, state about blood and body fluids?

Answer 61

All blood and body fluids from every patient should be treated as potentially infectious

Question 62

Which body fluid is excluded from the Standard Precautions guidelines?

Answer 62

Sweat

Question 63

Which guidelines apply to clinical laboratories and blood banks regarding infection risk?

Answer 63

Universal Precautions and Standard Precautions

Question 64

In what year were Standard Precautions established?

Answer 64

1996

Question 65

What symbol should be prominently displayed on laboratory doors and equipment containing infectious material?

Answer 65

Biohazard symbol

Question 66

Its primary purpose is to To protect workers from aerosol exposure to infectious disease agents

Answer 66

Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

Question 67

How is air sterilized in a Biological Safety Cabinet?

Answer 67

By heat, UV light, or most commonly, by passage through a HEPA filter

Question 68

The classifications of Biological Safety Cabinets based on

Answer 68

the containment levels

Question 69

What BSC class, Allows room air to pass in and sterilizes only the exhausted air

Answer 69

Class I BSC

Question 70

BSC Class: operates under negative pressure.

Answer 70

Class I

Question 71

What BSC class Sterilizes air that flows over the infectious material and the exhausted air

Answer 71

Class II

Question 72

True or false: Class II A recirculates 75% of the air into the work area, while Class II B exhausts air inside the building and is used for hazardous materials.

Answer 72

False, Class II A- 70% Class II B- exhaust outside

Question 73

What BSC class has the most protection to the worker

Answer 73

Class III

Question 74

BSC Class: Vertical laminar flow BSC

Answer 74

BSC Class II

Question 75

What class II :self-contained, 70% of the air is recirculated into the work area

Answer 75

Class II A

Question 76

What Class II : exhaust air is discharged outside the building, radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, or carcinogens

Answer 76

Class II B

Question 77

What BSC class : Completely enclosed and have negative pressure

Answer 77

Class III

Question 78

what mask to be used for procedures generating airborne and droplets

Answer 78

FFP3 respirator

Question 79

What prophylaxis is recommended in the event of exposure to Hepatitis B?

Answer 79

Hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) or HBV booster immunization

Question 80

what are the classification of biologic agents based on hazard

Answer 80

Biosafety level 1,2,3,4

Question 81

BSL level : Agents with no known potential for infecting healthy people that are well defined and characterized

Answer 81

BSL-1

Question 82

BSL level: Bacillus subtilis and Naegleria gruberi

Answer 82

BSL-1

Question 83

Which biosafety level is most commonly sought in clinical specimens

Answer 83

BSL-2

Question 84

BSL level : HIV, HBV, and Salmonella

Answer 84

BSL-2

Question 85

BSL level : Organisms unlikely to be encountered in routine clinical laboratories

Answer 85

BSL-3

Question 86

Example of organism handled at BSL-3

Answer 86

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Coxiella burnetii mold stages of fungi

Question 87

How are materials suspected of containing Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) organisms primarily transmitted?

Answer 87

By infectious aerosol

Question 88

What biosafety level involves handling exotic agents that are high risk and cause life-threatening disease?

Answer 88

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)

Question 89

What are examples of agents that require Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) containment?

Answer 89

Marburg virus and Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever

Question 90

What type of containment is required for procedures at Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)?

Answer 90

Maximum containment, typically performed under a Class III Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)

Question 91

Which biosafety level includes agents such as the Marburg virus?

Answer 91

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)

Question 92

Which biosafety level would handle Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever virus?

Answer 92

BSL-4