Laboratory Safety And Blood Collection And Specimen Considerations Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Physically remove the hazard
A
Elimination
2
Q
Replace the hazard
A
Substitution
3
Q
Isolate people from the hazard
A
Engineering controls
4
Q
Change the way people work
A
Administrative controls
5
Q
Protect the people with personal protective equipment
A
PPE
6
Q
Sterilizes only the air to be exhausted. Does not protect the work surface
A
Class I
7
Q
Most commonly used in microbiology; also called laminar flow BSCs. Sterilize air that flows over the infectious material as well as air to be exhausted
A
Class II
8
Q
Completely enclosed with glove ports. Provides the highest level of personnel protection. For extremely hazardous organisms
A
Class III
9
Q
70% air recirculated, 30% exhausted to the room
A
Class II A1
10
Q
Same as A1, but with higher intake air velocity (100lf/min)
A
Class II A2
11
Q
30% recirculated, 70% exhausted to the outside
A
Class II B1
12
Q
100% exhausted via duct
A
Class II B2
13
Q
T or F: Class II B1 and B2 are both ducted
A
True
14
Q
Most important means of preventing the spread of infection
A
Handwashing
15
Q
During handwashing, thoroughly clean between your fingers and under your fingernails for at least _______ and rinse ypur hands in a _______________ position to prevent recontamination
A
20 secs; downward
16
Q
Correct donning sequence
A
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves
17
Q
Correct doffing sequence
A
Gloves, goggles, gown mask
18
Q
Decontaminating solutions
A
5.25% NaOCl or 10% chlorine bleach
19
Q
Used for materials that give off harmful vapors; provides personnel protection only
A
Fume hood
20
Q
Formerly MSDS, a major source of information about chemicals written by manufacturers
A
SDS
21
Q
Non-mandatory sections of the SDS
A
12 to 16
22
Q
Organic acids
A
Formic, glacial acetic, citric
23
Q
Inorganic acids:
A
Hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric
24
Q
Oxidizing acids:
A
chromic, nitric, perchloric, sulfuric
25
T or F: Acids should be separated from flammable and combustible materials, bases, and active metals
True
26
T or F: Organic acids and mineral acids should go together
False
27
T or F: Oxidizing acid and organic acids should be separated
True
28
Flammable liquids:
Acetone
Alcohols
Xylene
29
T or F: Flammable liquids should be separated from flammable solids, oxidizing acids and oxidizers
True
30
Oxidizers:
Nitric acid
Perchloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid
Potassium chloride
Hyrogen peroxide
31
Water-reactive chemicals:
Sodium
Potassium
32
Blue hazard is for
Health
33
Red hazard is for
Fire/flammability
34
Color for special hazard
White
35
Color for instability/reactivity hazard
Yellow
36
Has a wavelength of less than 400 nm
Ultraviolet
37
Wavelength of the visible spectrum
400-700 nm
38
Wavelength for infrared
More than 700 nm
39
Has a wavelength of 3 um to 3 mm
Microwaves
40
Wavelength of more than 1 cm
Low frequency
41
RACE means
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate
42
PASS means
Pull pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Sweep nozzle
43
Ordinary combustibles
Type A
44
Flammable liquids
Type B
45
Electrical equipment
Type C
46
Flammable metals
Type D
47
Arsenal or materials that are liable to result in detonation
Type E
48
Combustible cooking media in commercial cooking equipment
Type K
49
Sites of puncture:
Veins in the antecubital fossa
Veins in the dorsal part of the hand, wrist, ankle and foot veins
50
Veins in the antecubital fossa:
Median cubital
Cephalic
Basilic
51
Tourniquet application:
3 to 4 inches above puncture site
52
Time allowed for tourniquet to be left in arm
Within 1 minute
53
If blood pressure cuff is used inflate to
40 to 60 mmHg
54
Antiseptics in venipuncture:
70% isopropyl alcohol
70% alcohol followed by chlorhexidine, iodophor, or povidone iodine
Benzalkonium chloride or Zephiran
55
Angle between needle and vein
15 to 30 degrees
56
Not recommended by CLSI due to safety and specimen quality issues
Needle and syringe
57
For infants/children, hand veins, and difficult draw situations
Butterfly/winged infusion set
58
Consists of double-headed needle, adapter, color-coded evacuated tube
Evacuated tube system
59
Venipuncture methods:
Needle and syringe
Butterfly/winged infusion set
Evacuated tube system
60
For large volume tubes or large volume syringes used on patients with normal size veins
Gauge 20
61
Color of Gauge 20
Yellow
62
Standard needle gauge for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins
21
63
Color of Gauge 21
Green
64
For older children and adult patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins
22
65
Color of Gauge 22
Black
66
Used on infants and children, difficult veins, or hand veins of adults
Gauge 23
67
Color of Gauge 23
Blue
68
Used to collect blood from scalp or tiny veins of premature infants, prone to hemolysis
Gauge 25
69
Color of Gauge 25
Orange
70
Needle length of hypodermic or ETS needles
1 to 1.5 inches
71
Needle length of the butterfly/winged infusion
0.5 to 0.75 inches
72
Provides better control for the phlebotomist
1 inch hypodermic/ETS needle
73
Stopper color/s with EDTA additive
Lavender
Pink
74
Stopper color/s with Citrate additive
Light blue
Black
75
Stopper color/s with Oxalate additive
Gray
76
Stopper color/s with heparin additive
Green
77
Stopper color/s with Silica, diatomite (celite)
Red (plastic)
78
Stopper color/s with Thrombin additive
Orange
79
Stopper color/s with Gel+clot activator
Gold
Red with black spots
80
Stopper color/s with gel+anticoagulant
Light green or green with gray spots
81
Stopper color/s with sodiu fluoride or Lithium iodoacetate
Gray
82
Mechanism of action of EDTA, Citrate and Oxalate additives
Removal of Calcium
83
False increase in __________ may be seen in tubes with EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate as additives
Sodium or Potassium
84
False decrease in________________________ may be seen in tubes containing EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate as additives
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Phosphates
ALP
CK
LD
AMS
85
Mechanism of action of heparin as anticoagulant
Inhibition of thrombin
86
Causes the lease interference in CC
Heparin
87
Short clotting time; recommended for STAT serum tests
Clot activators
88
Not recommended for TDM
Thixotropic gel separator
89
False decrease in ________________ may be seen in tubes with Thixotropic gel separator
TCAs
Antiarrhythmics
90
Mechanism of action of antiglycolytic agents
Inhibition of enolase
91
NaF inhibits
Urease
92
Order of draw of ETS
Sterile
Light blue top
Red
SST
PST
Green top
Lavender top
Gray/black top
93
Indications for capillary puncture
Newborn screening
POCT
Daily monitoring of DM px
Absence of palpable veins
94
Sites of puncture for capillary technique:
Heel
3rd or 4th finger
Big toe
Earlobe
95
Recommended length of lancet blade for heel sticks
1.75 mm or <2mm
96
For adults and children:
For neonates:
2.4 mm; 1.75 mm or <2mm
97
Consequences of squeezing the site:
Dilution of capillary juice
Hemolysis
98
Order of draw in capillary puncture:
TSEOS
99
Indications for arterial puncture:
Arterial blood gas analysis
Absence of palpable veins
Large volume of blood is needed
100
Sites of puncture for arterial collection:
Radial (45 to 60 degrees) > brachial (45 to 60 degrees) > femoral (90 degrees)
101
What should be done before performing arterial puncture?
Modified Allen test
102
Anticoagulant for arterial blood
Lyophilized or liquid heparin (0.05 mL per mL of blood
103
In cases of IV and cannula, fistula, or mastectomy
Use opposite arm or turn off IV for 2 mins
104
In cases of CVA a.k.a indwelling catheter
Discard the first 3 to 5 mL of blood and follow order of draw
105
In cases of burns, edema, scars, sclerosed veins, tattoos
Select another site
106
In cases of hematoma
Draw below the hematoma
107
Bleeding from the venipuncture site and hematoma formation
Vascular
108
Second most common complication
Infections
109
Results fro blood loss for testing; particular problem with pediatri patients
Anemia (iatrogenic)
110
Post phlebotomy seizure or pain
Neurologic
111
Syncope, orthostatic hypotension and cardiac arrest
Cardiovascular
112
Allergic reaction to iodine, adhesives and latex
Dermatologic
113
Temperature is _______________ proportional to draw volume
Inversely
114
Altitude is ___________ proportional
Inversely
115
High humidity affects __________ of water vapor inside a tube
Migration
116
Low humidity affects ___________ of water vapor from a tube containing a wet additive
Escape
117
Light affects _______ tube, a photosensitive additive for coagulation testing which minimizes platelet activation after bloo collection
CTAD
118
Increases during morning (AM)
Cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone, Fe
119
Increases at night (PM)
GH, PTH, TSH, ACP
120
Increases when standing
Alb, Ca, chol, renin, aldosterone
121
Increases from supine to upright
Alb, enzymes, protein-based substances
122
Increases during ambulatory
TP, CK
123
Increases with exercise
Creatinine, lactate, CK, AST, LD, aldolase
124
Increase with stress
Cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, catecholamines
125
Tests that require fasting
Glucose (FBG, OGTT), TAG (lipid profile), insulin, gastrin
126
Basal state collection
Glucose (RBG), TAG, I, G, chol, electrolyte
127
Increase with smoking
CO, NH3, BUN (enzymatic or urease)
128
Increases with IV contamination
Glucose (dextrose), drugs, electrolytes
129
Dilutional effect
BUN
130
Increase with hemoconcentration
K, lactate, protein, protein-bound substances
131
Increase with hemolysis
K, Mg, PO4, Fe, LD, ACP, ALP, ChE, AST, CK (gross hemolysis)
132
Decrease with hemolysis
Glucose (HK), lipase, bilirubin
133
Tests that require ice/chilling
ABG, ammonia, lactate, ACTH
134
Requires anaerobic collection/transport
ABG, NH3, ACP, ionized calcium
135
Tests that require protection from light
Bilirubin, carotene, porphyrin, vit a, vit b12
