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CC > Laboratory Safety And Blood Collection And Specimen Considerations > Flashcards

Laboratory Safety And Blood Collection And Specimen Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Physically remove the hazard

A

Elimination

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2
Q

Replace the hazard

A

Substitution

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3
Q

Isolate people from the hazard

A

Engineering controls

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4
Q

Change the way people work

A

Administrative controls

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5
Q

Protect the people with personal protective equipment

A

PPE

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6
Q

Sterilizes only the air to be exhausted. Does not protect the work surface

A

Class I

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7
Q

Most commonly used in microbiology; also called laminar flow BSCs. Sterilize air that flows over the infectious material as well as air to be exhausted

A

Class II

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8
Q

Completely enclosed with glove ports. Provides the highest level of personnel protection. For extremely hazardous organisms

A

Class III

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9
Q

70% air recirculated, 30% exhausted to the room

A

Class II A1

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10
Q

Same as A1, but with higher intake air velocity (100lf/min)

A

Class II A2

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11
Q

30% recirculated, 70% exhausted to the outside

A

Class II B1

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12
Q

100% exhausted via duct

A

Class II B2

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13
Q

T or F: Class II B1 and B2 are both ducted

A

True

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14
Q

Most important means of preventing the spread of infection

A

Handwashing

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15
Q

During handwashing, thoroughly clean between your fingers and under your fingernails for at least _______ and rinse ypur hands in a _______________ position to prevent recontamination

A

20 secs; downward

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16
Q

Correct donning sequence

A

Gown, mask, goggles, gloves

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17
Q

Correct doffing sequence

A

Gloves, goggles, gown mask

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18
Q

Decontaminating solutions

A

5.25% NaOCl or 10% chlorine bleach

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19
Q

Used for materials that give off harmful vapors; provides personnel protection only

A

Fume hood

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20
Q

Formerly MSDS, a major source of information about chemicals written by manufacturers

A

SDS

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21
Q

Non-mandatory sections of the SDS

A

12 to 16

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22
Q

Organic acids

A

Formic, glacial acetic, citric

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23
Q

Inorganic acids:

A

Hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric

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24
Q

Oxidizing acids:

A

chromic, nitric, perchloric, sulfuric

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25
Q

T or F: Acids should be separated from flammable and combustible materials, bases, and active metals

A

True

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26
Q

T or F: Organic acids and mineral acids should go together

A

False

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27
Q

T or F: Oxidizing acid and organic acids should be separated

A

True

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28
Q

Flammable liquids:

A

Acetone
Alcohols
Xylene

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29
Q

T or F: Flammable liquids should be separated from flammable solids, oxidizing acids and oxidizers

A

True

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30
Q

Oxidizers:

A

Nitric acid
Perchloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Acetic acid
Potassium chloride
Hyrogen peroxide

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31
Q

Water-reactive chemicals:

A

Sodium
Potassium

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32
Q

Blue hazard is for

A

Health

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33
Q

Red hazard is for

A

Fire/flammability

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34
Q

Color for special hazard

A

White

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35
Q

Color for instability/reactivity hazard

A

Yellow

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36
Q

Has a wavelength of less than 400 nm

A

Ultraviolet

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37
Q

Wavelength of the visible spectrum

A

400-700 nm

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38
Q

Wavelength for infrared

A

More than 700 nm

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39
Q

Has a wavelength of 3 um to 3 mm

A

Microwaves

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40
Q

Wavelength of more than 1 cm

A

Low frequency

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41
Q

RACE means

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate

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42
Q

PASS means

A

Pull pin
Aim nozzle
Squeeze trigger
Sweep nozzle

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43
Q

Ordinary combustibles

A

Type A

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44
Q

Flammable liquids

A

Type B

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45
Q

Electrical equipment

A

Type C

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46
Q

Flammable metals

A

Type D

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47
Q

Arsenal or materials that are liable to result in detonation

A

Type E

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48
Q

Combustible cooking media in commercial cooking equipment

A

Type K

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49
Q

Sites of puncture:

A

Veins in the antecubital fossa
Veins in the dorsal part of the hand, wrist, ankle and foot veins

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50
Q

Veins in the antecubital fossa:

A

Median cubital
Cephalic
Basilic

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51
Q

Tourniquet application:

A

3 to 4 inches above puncture site

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52
Q

Time allowed for tourniquet to be left in arm

A

Within 1 minute

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53
Q

If blood pressure cuff is used inflate to

A

40 to 60 mmHg

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54
Q

Antiseptics in venipuncture:

A

70% isopropyl alcohol
70% alcohol followed by chlorhexidine, iodophor, or povidone iodine
Benzalkonium chloride or Zephiran

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55
Q

Angle between needle and vein

A

15 to 30 degrees

56
Q

Not recommended by CLSI due to safety and specimen quality issues

A

Needle and syringe

57
Q

For infants/children, hand veins, and difficult draw situations

A

Butterfly/winged infusion set

58
Q

Consists of double-headed needle, adapter, color-coded evacuated tube

A

Evacuated tube system

59
Q

Venipuncture methods:

A

Needle and syringe
Butterfly/winged infusion set
Evacuated tube system

60
Q

For large volume tubes or large volume syringes used on patients with normal size veins

A

Gauge 20

61
Q

Color of Gauge 20

A

Yellow

62
Q

Standard needle gauge for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins

A

21

63
Q

Color of Gauge 21

A

Green

64
Q

For older children and adult patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins

A

22

65
Q

Color of Gauge 22

A

Black

66
Q

Used on infants and children, difficult veins, or hand veins of adults

A

Gauge 23

67
Q

Color of Gauge 23

A

Blue

68
Q

Used to collect blood from scalp or tiny veins of premature infants, prone to hemolysis

A

Gauge 25

69
Q

Color of Gauge 25

A

Orange

70
Q

Needle length of hypodermic or ETS needles

A

1 to 1.5 inches

71
Q

Needle length of the butterfly/winged infusion

A

0.5 to 0.75 inches

72
Q

Provides better control for the phlebotomist

A

1 inch hypodermic/ETS needle

73
Q

Stopper color/s with EDTA additive

A

Lavender
Pink

74
Q

Stopper color/s with Citrate additive

A

Light blue
Black

75
Q

Stopper color/s with Oxalate additive

A

Gray

76
Q

Stopper color/s with heparin additive

A

Green

77
Q

Stopper color/s with Silica, diatomite (celite)

A

Red (plastic)

78
Q

Stopper color/s with Thrombin additive

A

Orange

79
Q

Stopper color/s with Gel+clot activator

A

Gold
Red with black spots

80
Q

Stopper color/s with gel+anticoagulant

A

Light green or green with gray spots

81
Q

Stopper color/s with sodiu fluoride or Lithium iodoacetate

A

Gray

82
Q

Mechanism of action of EDTA, Citrate and Oxalate additives

A

Removal of Calcium

83
Q

False increase in __________ may be seen in tubes with EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate as additives

A

Sodium or Potassium

84
Q

False decrease in________________________ may be seen in tubes containing EDTA, Citrate, and Oxalate as additives

A

Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Phosphates
ALP
CK
LD
AMS

85
Q

Mechanism of action of heparin as anticoagulant

A

Inhibition of thrombin

86
Q

Causes the lease interference in CC

A

Heparin

87
Q

Short clotting time; recommended for STAT serum tests

A

Clot activators

88
Q

Not recommended for TDM

A

Thixotropic gel separator

89
Q

False decrease in ________________ may be seen in tubes with Thixotropic gel separator

A

TCAs
Antiarrhythmics

90
Q

Mechanism of action of antiglycolytic agents

A

Inhibition of enolase

91
Q

NaF inhibits

A

Urease

92
Q

Order of draw of ETS

A

Sterile
Light blue top
Red
SST
PST
Green top
Lavender top
Gray/black top

93
Q

Indications for capillary puncture

A

Newborn screening
POCT
Daily monitoring of DM px
Absence of palpable veins

94
Q

Sites of puncture for capillary technique:

A

Heel
3rd or 4th finger
Big toe
Earlobe

95
Q

Recommended length of lancet blade for heel sticks

A

1.75 mm or <2mm

96
Q

For adults and children:
For neonates:

A

2.4 mm; 1.75 mm or <2mm

97
Q

Consequences of squeezing the site:

A

Dilution of capillary juice
Hemolysis

98
Q

Order of draw in capillary puncture:

A

TSEOS

99
Q

Indications for arterial puncture:

A

Arterial blood gas analysis
Absence of palpable veins
Large volume of blood is needed

100
Q

Sites of puncture for arterial collection:

A

Radial (45 to 60 degrees) > brachial (45 to 60 degrees) > femoral (90 degrees)

101
Q

What should be done before performing arterial puncture?

A

Modified Allen test

102
Q

Anticoagulant for arterial blood

A

Lyophilized or liquid heparin (0.05 mL per mL of blood

103
Q

In cases of IV and cannula, fistula, or mastectomy

A

Use opposite arm or turn off IV for 2 mins

104
Q

In cases of CVA a.k.a indwelling catheter

A

Discard the first 3 to 5 mL of blood and follow order of draw

105
Q

In cases of burns, edema, scars, sclerosed veins, tattoos

A

Select another site

106
Q

In cases of hematoma

A

Draw below the hematoma

107
Q

Bleeding from the venipuncture site and hematoma formation

A

Vascular

108
Q

Second most common complication

A

Infections

109
Q

Results fro blood loss for testing; particular problem with pediatri patients

A

Anemia (iatrogenic)

110
Q

Post phlebotomy seizure or pain

A

Neurologic

111
Q

Syncope, orthostatic hypotension and cardiac arrest

A

Cardiovascular

112
Q

Allergic reaction to iodine, adhesives and latex

A

Dermatologic

113
Q

Temperature is _______________ proportional to draw volume

A

Inversely

114
Q

Altitude is ___________ proportional

A

Inversely

115
Q

High humidity affects __________ of water vapor inside a tube

A

Migration

116
Q

Low humidity affects ___________ of water vapor from a tube containing a wet additive

A

Escape

117
Q

Light affects _______ tube, a photosensitive additive for coagulation testing which minimizes platelet activation after bloo collection

A

CTAD

118
Q

Increases during morning (AM)

A

Cortisol, ACTH, aldosterone, Fe

119
Q

Increases at night (PM)

A

GH, PTH, TSH, ACP

120
Q

Increases when standing

A

Alb, Ca, chol, renin, aldosterone

121
Q

Increases from supine to upright

A

Alb, enzymes, protein-based substances

122
Q

Increases during ambulatory

A

TP, CK

123
Q

Increases with exercise

A

Creatinine, lactate, CK, AST, LD, aldolase

124
Q

Increase with stress

A

Cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, catecholamines

125
Q

Tests that require fasting

A

Glucose (FBG, OGTT), TAG (lipid profile), insulin, gastrin

126
Q

Basal state collection

A

Glucose (RBG), TAG, I, G, chol, electrolyte

127
Q

Increase with smoking

A

CO, NH3, BUN (enzymatic or urease)

128
Q

Increases with IV contamination

A

Glucose (dextrose), drugs, electrolytes

129
Q

Dilutional effect

A

BUN

130
Q

Increase with hemoconcentration

A

K, lactate, protein, protein-bound substances

131
Q

Increase with hemolysis

A

K, Mg, PO4, Fe, LD, ACP, ALP, ChE, AST, CK (gross hemolysis)

132
Q

Decrease with hemolysis

A

Glucose (HK), lipase, bilirubin

133
Q

Tests that require ice/chilling

A

ABG, ammonia, lactate, ACTH

134
Q

Requires anaerobic collection/transport

A

ABG, NH3, ACP, ionized calcium

135
Q

Tests that require protection from light

A

Bilirubin, carotene, porphyrin, vit a, vit b12

CC (4 decks)

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