Labour and Trade Unions

Question 1

What was the Gilded Age? (turning point)

Answer 1

Industrial expansion and influx of migrants leads to

issues for the unions and harsh treatment by the govt.

Question 2

Significance of world wars? (turning point)

Answer 2

Establishment of the National War Labour Boards leads

to union concessions.

Question 3

What was the New Deal? (turning point)

Answer 3

NIRA, NRA and Wagner Act give greater union power.

Question 4

Significance of 1960s? (turning point)

Answer 4

Cesar Chavez and farm workers shows rural power.

Question 5

What labour organization was founded in 1869?

Answer 5

Labour Knights

Question 6

What year was the Haymarket Affair and American Federation of Labour founded?

Answer 6

1886

Question 7

When was the Sherman Anti Trust Act?

Answer 7

1890

Question 8

What strike occurred in 1892?

Answer 8

Homestead Strike

Question 9

When was the Pullman Strike?

Answer 9

1894

Question 10

When was Lochner Vs New York

Answer 10

1905

Question 11

What occurred in 1914?

Answer 11

Clayton Anti Trust Act

Question 12

What year was the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and Maids established?

Answer 12

1925

Question 13

When was the NIRA and NRA established?

Answer 13

1933

Question 14

When was the Wagner Act?

Answer 14

1935

Question 15

When was the Congress of Industrial Organizations established?

Answer 15

1937

Question 16

What Act was in 1947?

Answer 16

Taft - Harley Act

Question 17

When did the AFL and CIO merge?

Answer 17

1955

Question 18

What Act secured workplace safety for workers, and when was it introduced?

Answer 18

Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970

Question 19

When was the PATCO strike and why was it controversial?

Answer 19

1981
Government workers were banned from striking, Reagan breaks it and make it a failure
Represents the demise of unions

Question 20

Significance of 1980’s? (turning point)

Answer 20

Reduction in Union membership as shown in PATCO strike

Question 21

Who was John Rockefeller?

Answer 21

US businessman who controlled 90% oil
refineries and amassed a fortune of $1 billion by
1937.

Question 22

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Answer 22

Controlled 25% of US iron and steel production.

He sold the company in 1901 for $250 million.

Question 23

Who was Henry Frick?

Answer 23

US coal industry millionaire who entered a
partnership with Carnegie. Sent in to break the
Homestead strike.

Question 24

Who was Samuel Gompers?

Answer 24

Leader of the AFL in the early 1900s, ensured

acceptance of the union by employers.

Question 25

Who was Henry Ford?

Answer 25

Set up the motor company, refused to recognise | unions until 1941.

Question 26

Who was Cesar Chavez?

Answer 26

Founded National Farm Workers Association and | led the Salad Bowl strike in the 1970s. Peaceful Protest

Question 27

Which President sent in troops at the Pullman Strike?

Answer 27

Cleveland

Question 28

What did Woodrow Wilson do which benefited workers during the war?

Answer 28

He granted concessions

Question 29

What did Franklin D. Roosevelt introduce which greatly benefited workers?

Answer 29

The New Deal

Question 30

Significance of JFK?

Answer 30

"New Frontier" led to Equal Pay Act

Question 31

How did Nixon aid labour rights?

Answer 31

Brought in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970

Question 32

AFL (American Federation of Labour)

Answer 32

Replaced the Knights of Labour in 1886. Attempted to | unite all unions, 2 million members by 1914.

Question 33

NWLB (National War Labour Board)

Answer 33

Set up during wars to settle disputes between workers | and employers. No-strike agreement.

Question 34

NMB (National Mediation Board)

Answer 34

Established to regulate labour relations in the railway | industry in 1920s.

Question 35

BSCP (Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters)

Answer 35

Brotherhood of the Sleeping Car Porters union | established in 1925, mainly African American.

Question 36

PATCO (Professional Air Traffic Control Organisation)

Answer 36

Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization led | 1981 strike.

Question 37

Industrial Workers of the World

Answer 37

Known as the ‘Wobblies’ set up in 1905 with a reputation for violence and militancy. Supported rights of poor workers and immigrants. Declined post- 1923.

Question 38

Knights of Labour

Answer 38

Developed post-1879 under leadership of Terence Powderley. Successful strike at Wabash Railroad but lost influence post-Haymarket Affair of 1886.

Question 39

Significance of New Deal

Answer 39

Socio economic restoration 1933 to 39 15 year influence

Question 40

Yellow Dog Contracts

Answer 40

Workers were forced to sign, preventing their ability to unionise and strike

Question 41

Haymarket Affair

Answer 41

Rally in Haymarket Square, 1886, violent, sparks significant police response, damages credibility of Unions, Knights of Labour involvement dwindles afterwards - association with violence and militancy

Question 42

PATCO strike

Answer 42

1981, controversial as Government workers were banned from striking

Question 43

Taft Hartley Act

Answer 43

Post New Deal, goes against it, restricts Union activity in 1947 under Truman, prevents closed shop Unions

Question 44

Sherman Anti Trust Act

Answer 44

1890 Stops monopolies, force businesses to take care of workers and not exploit them Passed in fear of a general strike

Question 45

Henry Ford

Answer 45

Welfare Capitalism, benefits but no union activity