LabReferences

Question 1

Calcium common reference range

Answer 1

Total: 8.5 - 10.5 mg / dL
Ionized: 4.5 - 5.1 mg / dL

Question 2

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) and electrolytes measured in mg / dL

Answer 2

SCr: 0.6 - 1.3
Phosphates: 2.3 - 4.7
Ca ionized: 4.5 - 5.1
      Total: 8.5 - 10.5
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen):  7 - 20

Question 3

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) and electrolytes measured in mEq / L

Answer 3

Magnesium: 1.3 - 2.1
Potassium: 3.5 - 5
Anion gap: 5 - 12
Bicarbonate arterial: 22 - 26
                      venous: 24 - 30
Chloride: 95 - 106
Sodium: 135 - 145

Question 4

What does increase the Calcium blood level?

Answer 4

Calcium supplementation, vitamin D, and diuretics

Question 5

What does decrease the calcium blood level?

Answer 5

Systemic steroids, LT heparin, loop diuretics, biphosphonates, cinacalcet, calcitonin, foscarnet, topiramate.

Question 6

White blood cells (WBC)

Answer 6

4000 to 11000 cells / mm3

Question 7

Neutrophils percentage of WBC

Answer 7

45 -73 %

Question 8

Bands percentage of WBC

Answer 8

3 - 5 %

= immature neutrophils

Question 9

Eosinophils percentage of WBC

Answer 9

0 - 5 %

Question 10

Basophils percentage of WBC

Answer 10

0 - 1 %

Question 11

Lymphocyte percentage of WBC

Answer 11

20 - 40 %

Question 12

Monocytes percentage of WBC

Answer 12

2 - 8 %

Question 13

Red Blood Cells

Answer 13

Males: 4.5 - 5.5 x 10exp6 cells / mcL
Females: 4.1 - 4.9 x 10exp6 cells / mcL

Question 14

Hemoglobin (Hgb, Hb)

Answer 14

Males: 13.5 - 18 g/dL
Females: 12 - 16 g/dL

Question 15

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 15

Males: 38 - 50 %
Females: 36 - 46 %

Question 16

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Answer 16

80 - 100 fL
Higher if folate or vitB12 deficiency
Lower if iron deficiency

Question 17

Folic acid

Answer 17

5 - 25 mcg/L

Question 18

Vitamin B12

Answer 18

> 200 pg/mL

Question 19

Combs Test, Direct (= Direct Antiglobulin Test - DAT)

Answer 19

Used to determine cause of anemia (autoimmune vs drug-induced) and in assessment of transfusion compatibility

Should be negative

Question 20

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 20

5 - 14 units / gram

Used to determine if anemia is due to G6PD deficiency (the result will be low)

Question 21

Diabetes tests

Answer 21

1. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)*
2. Hemoglobin A1C (A1C)*
3. Estimated Average Glucose (eAG)
4. Preprandial blood glucose
5. Postprandial blood glucose
6. C-peptide (fasting)*
7. Urinary Albumin Excretion (UAE)*
8. Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio or Albumin to Creatinine ratio (UACR or ACR)

Question 22

Fasting plasma glucose values

Answer 22

> = 126 mg/dL: positive for diabetes
100-125 mg/dL: positive for pre-diabetes

Note: fasting is 8+ hrs

Question 23

Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) test values

Answer 23

<7% (ADA)

<= 6.5% (AACE)

Question 24

C-peptide (fasting) test values

Answer 24

0.78-1.89 ng/mL

C-peptide = insulin byproduct (breakdown product) used to evaluate beta-cell function => distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes

Note: !!! # C-reactive protein

Question 25

Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) test values

Answer 25

< 154 mg / dL (ADA) Note: an eAG of 126 mg/dL corresponds to an A1C of 6%

Question 26

Test for anticoagulation

Answer 26

1. Antifactor Xa activity (Anti-Xa) 2. Prothrombin Time / International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) 3. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT or PTT) 4. Activated Clotting Time (ACT) 5. Platelets (PLTs) 6. Heparin-induced platelet antibodies

Question 27

Liver and gGastroenterology tests

Answer 27

1. Albumin 2. Alkaline Phosphatase 3. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) 4. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) 5. Gamma GT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase - GGT) 6. Bilirubin 7. Ammonia

Question 28

Pancreatitis tests

Answer 28

1. Amylase | 2. Lipase

Question 29

Cardiovascular tests

Answer 29

1. Creatine Kinase or Creatine 2. Phophokinase (CK or CPK) 3. Troponin T (TnT) 4. Troponin I (TnI) 5. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) 6. N-Terminal-ProBNP (NT-proBNP)

Question 30

Lipids and Cardiovascular Risk

Answer 30

1. Total Cholesterol 2. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)* 3. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)* 4. Triglycerides (TG)* 5. Lipoprotein-a, Lp(a), Apoprotein-B, Apo B 6. C-reactive Protein (CRP)* 7. Coronary Artery Calcium score 8. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)

Question 31

Thyroid Function Tests

Answer 31

1. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) 2. Total Thyroxine (T4) 3. Free Thyroxine (FT4)

Question 32

Gout Test

Answer 32

Uric acid

Question 33

Inflammation / Autoimmune Disease Tests

Answer 33

1. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) 2. Rheumatoid Factor, serum (RF) 3. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 4. Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) 5. Antihistone Antibodies