Labs 1 - 9

Question 1

Title of first laboratory.

Answer 1

Compound Microscope

Question 2

State the 4 objective lenses.

Answer 2

Scanning - 4x
Low Power Objective (LPO) - 10x
High Power Objective (HPO) - 40x
Oil Immersion Objective Lens (OIO) - 400x

Question 3

Formula for total magnification.

Answer 3

Objective lens magnification x Ocular lens magnification

Question 4

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What do you call the clarity of the image?

Answer 4

Resolution

Question 5

Specimens viewed for the first laboratory.

Answer 5

• letter ‘e’
• cotton fiber
• Allium cepa root

Question 6

What is the orientation of the specimen under microscope?

Answer 6

inverted & upside down

Question 7

Define protozoans.

Answer 7

microscopic, one-celled, free-living/parasitic organisms

Question 8

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Title of the second laboratory.

Answer 8

Protozoans

Question 9

4 types of human-infecting protozoans.

Answer 9

Amoeboid protozoans
Flagellates
Ciliates
Sporozoans

Question 10

What do the 4 types of protozoans use to move?

Answer 10

Amoeboid protozoans - pseudopodia
Flagellates - flagella
Ciliates - cilia
Sporozoans - no motile adult stage

Question 11

Specimens viewed in the second laboratory.

Answer 11

Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica, Amoeba proteus, Paramecium, Euglena, Giardia lamblia

Question 12

What is the cell structure of Plasmodium?

Answer 12

Ring shaped

Question 13

What causes amebiasis?

Answer 13

Entamoeba histolytica.

Question 14

What is the reproduction mode of most of the specimens?

Answer 14

Asexually (binary fission)

Question 15

What specimen has a different way of reproducing and what is it?

Answer 15

Plasmodium, asexually (multiple fissions) & sexually (in red blood cells)

Question 16

Cell structure of paramecium.

Answer 16

Elongated covered with cilia.

Question 17

What are the hosts of both Euglena and Giardia lamblia?

Answer 17

humans & mammals

Question 18

What disease is caused by Euglena?

Answer 18

sleeping sickness and Chaga’s disease

Question 19

Cell structure of Giardia lamblia

Answer 19

tear drop shape, twin nuclei

Question 19

Disease caused by Amoeba proteus?

Answer 19

Amebiasis or Amoebic dysentery

Question 20

Cell structure of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 20

single nucleus, single lobose pseudopod

Question 21

Disease caused by Paramecium

Answer 21

none

Question 22

Hosts of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 22

human large intestine

Question 23

Cell structure of Euglena

Answer 23

Pellide, cell wall, chlorophyll

Question 24

Disease caused by Giardia lamblia.

Answer 24

diarrheal disease, giardiasis

Question 25

Disease caused by plasmodium

Answer 25

Malaria

Question 26

Distinguishing features of Entamoeba histolytica.

Answer 26

Multiple nuclei

Question 27

Cell structure of Amoeba proteus

Answer 27

pseudopods, "water spill"

Question 27

Distinguishing feature of Giardia lamblin.

Answer 27

has a ventral disk

Question 28

What do you call an adhesive organelle that helps attach to the host's intestines?

Answer 28

Ventral disk

Question 29

Title of third laboratory.

Answer 29

Phylum Porifera

Question 30

What are simple, multi-cellular animals?

Answer 30

Sponges

Question 31

What kingdom do sponges fall under?

Answer 31

Kingdom Animalia

Question 32

Are sponges heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 32

Heterotrophic

Question 33

Sponges are sessile filter-feeders. | True or false.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Sponges are prokaryotes. | True or false.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What is the most distinctive cell type of poriferas?

Answer 35

Choanocytes.

Question 35

What is the role of choanocytes?

Answer 35

produces water current through the body wall and filters food particles

Question 36

4 classes of sponges.

Answer 36

Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae, Sclerospongiae

Question 37

What is the appearance of Calcareas and Hexactinellidas?

Answer 37

Cylindrical bodies with radial symmetry.

Question 38

Demospongiae has a cylindrical body and is asymmetrical. | True or false

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the composition of calcareas?

Answer 39

calcium carbonate

Question 40

Presence of spicules in Hexactinellida?

Answer 40

6-rayed siliceous spicules.

Question 41

Common location of Calcareas, Hexactinellidas, and Demospongiaes

Answer 41

Marine water

Question 41

Composition of Sclerospongiae

Answer 41

thick basal layer of calcium carbonate

Question 42

Location of Sclerospongiae

Answer 42

Dark coral reef tunnels.

Question 42

Presence of spicules of Demospongiae

Answer 42

monoaxon & triaxon spicules

Question 42

Composition of Hexactinellida.

Answer 42

Glass-like silica spicules

Question 43

Presence of spicules of Sclerospongiae

Answer 43

Siliceous spicules and sponging

Question 44

Appearance of Sclerospongiae

Answer 44

resembles corals

Question 44

Presence of spicules in Calcarea

Answer 44

Calcareous spicules

Question 44

Composition of Demospongiae

Answer 44

Sponging fibers, siliceous spicules.

Question 45

Specimen viewed in the third laboratory

Answer 45

Commercial sponge

Question 46

Porifera can form symbiotic relationships. | true or false.

Answer 46

True

Question 46

What three things do poriferas lack.

Answer 46

nervous system, tissue, and organs

Question 47

Porifera has small openings where water enters, food is captured, and then oxygen was absorbed. What is it called?

Answer 47

Ostia

Question 47

3 body forms of porifera.

Answer 47

Ascon, Sycon, Leucon

Question 47

4 spicule types.

Answer 47

Diactine, Triactine, Tetracline, and Polyactine.

Question 47

Title of fourth laboratory.

Answer 47

Cnidaria (Coelenterata)

Question 48

Enumerate the 4 types of animals that fall under Cnidaria.

Answer 48

jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, and corals

Question 49

2 body forms of Cnidarians

Answer 49

medusa and polyp

Question 50

Has tubular bodies, one end attached to a substrate, the other a mouth surrounded by tentacles. | Medusa vs. Polyp

Answer 50

Medusa

Question 51

Appearance of Anthozoa

Answer 51

shows polyp stage but doesnt have a medusa stage

Question 52

Sessile, occurs alone or in groups of individuals. | Medusa vs. Polyp

Answer 52

Polyp

Question 53

Has the mouth on the concave side, free-swimming. | Medusa vs. Polyp

Answer 53

Medusa

Question 53

Specimens viewed for the fourth laboratory.

Answer 53

Hydra cross-section, Hydra plain, Hydra with bud, and obelia hydroids.

Question 54

4 classes of Cnidaria

Answer 54

Anthozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, and Hydrozoa

Question 54

Locomotion of Scyphozoa

Answer 54

free-swimming

Question 54

Body part for paralyzing/eating prey of Cubozoa.

Answer 54

muscular pedalium pushes tentacles, and the manubrium reaches out to engulf food

Question 55

defining characteristics of cnidarians

Answer 55

nematocysts and cnidocytes

Question 56

Appearance of Scyphozoa

Answer 56

Although the polyp stage is present, the medusa stage is prominent.

Question 56

Locomotion of anthozoa

Answer 56

creeping

Question 56

Differentiate nematocysts and cnidocytes.

Answer 56

Nematocysts are stingers, and cnidocytes are the stinging cells.

Question 57

Example of Anthozoa

Answer 57

sea anemones, seapens, and corals

Question 57

Example of Hydrozoa

Answer 57

Hydras and Obelias

Question 57

What is the most venomous group in the 4?

Answer 57

Cubozoa

Question 58

What body part to paralyze/eat prey does the Hydrozoa use?

Answer 58

They use cnidocytes.

Question 59

Example of Cubozoa

Answer 59

Box jellyfish

Question 59

most venomous type of box jellyfish?

Answer 59

Australian

Question 60

Appearance of hydrozoas

Answer 60

has a polyp and medusa stage

Question 61

Body part for paralyzing/eating prey of Anthozoa

Answer 61

Mouth surrounded by tentacles with cnidocytes, pharynx that ingests the food

Question 62

What does pouring vinegar on hydra do?

Answer 62

Vinegar causes the hydra to release cnidocytes, and then eventually die.

Question 63

What 3 conditions favor sexual reproduction in Hydra?

Answer 63

- crowded environment - environmental stress - presence of suitable mates

Question 64

Probable evolutionary reason for 2 reproductive strategies.

Answer 64

Asexual = rapid population growth Sexual = genetic diversity; enhancing long term survival

Question 65

Title of fifth laboratory.

Answer 65

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 66

Specimens viewed for the fifth laboratory.

Answer 66

*Taenia solium* scolex, *Taenia solium* cysticercus