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Labs Flashcards

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1
Q

Sources for lab testing

A
  1. Wounds
  2. Blood
  3. Urine
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2
Q

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

A

Blood test for:
-Glucose, Na, K, Ca, Cl, CO2, Blood urea nitrogen, and Creatinine
Provides blood sugar, electrolyte, and fluid balance, and kidney function.

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3
Q

Complete Metabolic Panel (CMP)

A

Includes:
-All labs covered by BMP
-Albumin
-Total protein
-Liver function enzymes
-Total bilirubin
Helps to provide insight into liver function

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

Waste product excreted by kidneys and biomarker of kidney function

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5
Q

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A

Waste product and biomarker of kidney function

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6
Q

Anion Gap

A

The difference in blood anions and cations, used to determine metabolic acidosis or alkalosis
-May give indicate renal dysfunction, ingestion of toxins, etc.

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7
Q

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Includes:
RBCs
WBCs
Platelets
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Hematocrit (Hct)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Checks for anemia, gives insight into blood conditions and medication impacts on blood

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8
Q

CBC w/ Diff

A

Provides cell counts for CBC WBCs.

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9
Q

Ferritin

A

Cellular storage protein for iron, often checked when evaluating anemia. Can be nonspecific inflammatory marker

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10
Q

Liver Function Enzymes

A

AST/ALT - Liver aminotransferases, high amount can indicate dysfunction and ratio can be useful.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) - Enzyme that can indicate dysfunction or bone disorders when elevated.

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11
Q

Lipid Panel

A

Includes:
-Total cholesterol
-High density lipoprotein (HDL)
-Low density lipoprotein (LDL)
-Triglycerides

Used to evaluate cardiac risk by determining different forms of cholesterol.

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12
Q

Thyroid Studies

A

Includes:
-Free T4
-Serum T4
-Thyroid Binding Hormone
-Serum T3
-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Can be used to monitor thyroid function and identify cause of weight changes and fatigue

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12
Q

Inflammatory/Autoimmune Tests

A

Includes:
-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
-C-reactive Protein (CRP)
-Plasma viscosity
-Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
-Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Can determine inflammatory processes or autoimmune disorders

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12
Q

Reproductive Hormone Tests

A

Includes the reproductive hormones of males and females

Can be used to investigate fertility and puberty issues, pregnancy, amenorrhea, menopause, and hypogonadism in men.

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12
Q

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A

Biomarker of immune response used to determine nonspecific presence of inflammation or infection.

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13
Q

CPK-1 Enzyme Marker

A

Can indicate brain injuries or cancer

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13
Q

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

A

Blood test to determine markers of inflammation, AKA Sed Rate

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13
Q

Coagulation Panel

A

Includes:
-CBC
-Factor V
-Fibrinogen
-Prothrombin Time
-Platelet Count
-Thrombin Time
-Bleeding time
Used to understand clotting capacity in a patient or the function of anticoagulants

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13
Q

CPK-2, CPK-3, Troponin

A

Can indicate heart attack or injury

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14
Q

INR, Prothrombin Time (PT/INR)

A

Measures time it takes for blood to clot, used to assess clotting ability
-Commonly taken for patients on blood thinners

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15
Q

Vitamin D Level

A

Used to evaluate fatigue or depressed mood, associated with Ca absorption and bone health

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16
Q

Vitamin B12 Level

A

Used to evaluate anemia if deficient, necessary for nervous function and RBC formation

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17
Q

Vitamin B9 (Folate) Levels

A

Measured before/during pregnancy, necessary for proper formation of the neural tube

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18
Q

Abdominal Labs

A

Include:
-Celiac disease, LFTs, H. Pylori Ab, and Amylase/Lipase

Used to check pancreatic and liver functions, investigate symptoms and nutrition

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19
Amylase/Lipase
Digestive enzymes analyzed when evaluating pancreatic function. When elevated, can indicate pancreatitis
20
Toxicology Screen
Includes: -Amphetamine, Cocaine, Barbiturates, Marijuana, Opiates, PCP, Nicotine, Alcohol Evaluates substance use, can be for work-required screening
21
STI and Infectious Disease Panel
Includes: - HIV, Syphilis (RPR), Hep A Ab, Hep B Surface Ag, Hep C Ab, HSV I and II, Malaria, Lyme Disease, West Nile Identifies specific acute infections and previous infections Can evaluate effectiveness of drugs
22
Chlamydia/Gonorrhea
STIs tested for from urine, throat, rectum, urethra, or cervix. Often reported together as Ct/GC NAA
23
Hep C
Viral liver infection. Test determines antibody presence
24
HIV Screen 4th Gen w/Rfx
Test for HIV Abs and Antigen, with reflex to confirmatory testing (differentiating HIV types)
25
Lyme Disease Ab
Antibody test for tickborne Lyme disease, usually ordered to determine if symptoms are caused by Lyme
26
Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
Screen for Syphilis to ID infection or monitor treatment, used in conjunction with other tests.
27
Wet Prep
Examines vaginal fluid for abnormal bacteria, yeast, pathogen
28
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
Blood test to aid in the diagnosis of prostate enlargement, cancer, etc.
29
Hgb A1C
A measure of average blood sugar levels over the past three months. It is a helpful test in screening for and monitoring diabetes.
30
Uric Acid
Tested commonly for diagnosis or management of gout
31
Urinalysis
Includes: -Protein, leukocytes, nitrites, blood, glucose, ketones, pH, specific gravity, bilirubin, urobilinogen, micro-bacteria can diagnose UTI, diagnose kidney and liver issues, diabetic/metabolic issues, etc.
32
Stool Cultures
Check for bacterial species in stool if patient is experiencing GI symptoms
33
Wound cultures
Checks wounds for sources of infection and guide treatment
34
Nasopharyngeal cultures
Nasal swab for various pathogens that can cause respiratory illness
35
Stool Analysis
Checks for: -Appearance, color, odor, mucus, occult blood, fat, meat fibers, bile, WBC, pH, parasites. Diagnoses digestive tract disorders, poor nutrition, and possible cancer
36
'HemOccult' or Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOB)
A stool sample is examined for small amounts of blood that may not be visible ("occult"). May be referred to as "hemoccult" or "guaiac" test.
37
Breath Tests
H. Pylori infection-related chemical signs can be found on breath, such as urea levels.
38
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelets
39
Anemia
Low RBCs
40
Polycythemia
High RBCs
41
Leukocytosis
High WBCs
42
Hyperkalemia
High potassium
43
Hyperchloremia
High chloride
44
Hypovolemia
Low blood volume
45
Hypovitaminosis D
Low Vit D
46
Hematuria
Blood in urine
47
Hyperlipidemia
High fat in blood
48
Hematochezia
Blood in stool
49
Bacteremia
Bacteria presence in blood
50
Dyslipidemia
Abnormal amounts of lipids in blood
51
Hyperinsulinemia
High insulin in blood
52
Hyperparathyroidism
Excess of parathyroid hormone
53
Hypothyroidism
Low thyroid hormone
54
Leukopenia
Low WBCs
55
Neutropenia
Low neutrophils
56
Blast Cells
Immature WBCs present in blood (can indicate leukemia)
57
Anisocytosis
RBCs on peripheral smear are different sizes
58
Hypercapnia
High CO2 in blood
59
Hyperammonemia
High ammonia in blood
60
Hyperuricemia
High levels of uric acid in blood
61
Uremia
High levels of waste in urine, can indicate kidney dysfunction
62
Metabolic Acidosis vs Alkalosis
pH is lower or higher than normal in blood
63
Lactic Acidosis
Type of metabolic acidosis characterized by high lactate. Can indicate sepsis, metabolic disorders, etc.

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