Labs

Question 1

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 1

Females 12-16
Males 14-18
Measures oxygen carrying proteins in the blood. Low hemoglobin can mean anemia, high hemoglobin can be from high altitude, smoking, dehydration, polycythemia.

Hct:Hb should be 3:1

Question 2

Hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 2

Female 37-47%
Male- 42-52%

Measures percentage if volume of whole blood made up of red cells.

Hct:Hb should be 3:1

Question 3

BUN

Answer 3

Normal range: 10 - 25
Blood Urea Nitrogen- Indicator of kidney and liver function. how well they remove waste from blood. High BUN = lower kidney function

Question 4

Creatinine

Answer 4

Normal range: 1.2 - 1.5

Product of muscle breakdown, produced at fairly constant rate. Indicator of renal function.

Question 5

Creatinine clearance

Answer 5

Normal range: 85 - 135

Amount of blood the kidneys can make creatinine-free each minute. Helps estimate GFR. An indicator of kidney function.

Question 6

Serum Albumin

Answer 6

3.5 - 5.0
Indicator of kidney and liver function. Low can mean liver disease, inflammation, malnutrition, shock, nephrotic syndrome, Crohn’s, celiac & burns. High can mean dehydration

Question 7

Potassium

Answer 7

3.5- 5.0
Electrolyte. Hyperkalemia can mean kidney disease, hypoaldosteronism, addisons, diabetes, dehydration, infection etc. Hypokalmia can be from nausea/vomiting or diuretics.

Question 8

Chloride

Answer 8

98-106
High level usually indicates dehydration

*value from ATI

Question 9

Sodium

Answer 9

136-145

Maintains osmotic pressure, acid-base balance and nerve transmission. Low sodium leads to seizures/neuron symptoms

Question 10

Specific gravity

Answer 10

1.010 - 1.030

Question 11

Calcium

Answer 11

9-11

Question 12

Magnesium

Answer 12

1.3 - 2.1

Question 13

Phosphate

Answer 13

3.0 - 4.5

Question 14

Serum Osmolarity

Answer 14

285 - 295 mOsmol/L

ATI said 270-300 in a sample question rationale

Question 15

Glycosylated Hemoglobin

Answer 15

4-6%

Question 16

pH

Answer 16

7.35- 7.45

Question 17

HC03

Answer 17

22-26

Question 18

PCO2

Answer 18

35-45

Question 19

PO2

Answer 19

80-100

Question 20

O2 saturation

Answer 20

96-100

Question 21

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 21

pH- HIGH
PCO2- HIGH
HCO3- HIGH

Question 22

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 22

pH- Low
PCO2- Low
HCO3- Low

Question 23

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 23

pH- HIGH
PCO2- Low
HCO3- Low

Question 24

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 24

pH- Low
PCO2- HIGH
HCO3- HIGH

Question 25

CVP

Answer 25

Central venous pressure. Reflects right sides filling pressures. Primarily used to monitor fluid volume status. Fluid overload, vasoconstriction, and cardiac tamponade INCREASE CVP. 3-11 or 2-8

Question 26

Platelets

Answer 26

150,000 - 450,000

Question 27

Neutrophils

Answer 27

Fights bacterial infection. Innate. 2,500 - 8,000

Question 28

Lymphocytes

Answer 28

1000 - 4000

Question 29

RBCs

Answer 29

3.2 - 5.2

Question 30

WBC

Answer 30

4,000-10,000

Question 31

ESR

Answer 31

0-20

Question 32

PTT

Answer 32

1.5-2 times normal range 30-40 sec. / 1.5-2.5 Therapeutic anticoag range Measures intrinsic clotting factors. Monitored for heparin therapy. High- too much heparin, hemophelia, DIC, liver disease.

Question 33

PT/INR

Answer 33

11-14 seconds or 84-100% or 1:1 client control ratio High- defied you or clotting issue Low- vitamin K excess

Question 34

Bilirubin

Answer 34

0.1 - 1.0

Question 35

ALT AST

Answer 35

8-20

Question 36

Digoxin

Answer 36

0.5- 2 Toxic >2.5

Question 37

Dilantin

Answer 37

10- 20 Toxic >30

Question 38

Theophylline

Answer 38

10-20 Toxic >20

Question 39

Tylenol

Answer 39

Toxic >4000mg/day

Question 40

Troponin

Answer 40

Less than .35

Question 41

Lithium

Answer 41

0.5 - 1.5 narrow therapeutic range

Question 42

ADH / Vasopressin

Answer 42

Anti diuretic hormone | Increases permeability of renal distal tubules, causing kidneys to reabsorb water. Allows the body to hold onto water.

Question 43

CPK Creatinine phosphokinase

Answer 43

22- 198 marker of damage of CK-rich tissue such as in myocardial infarction (heart attack), rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle breakdown), muscular dystrophy, the autoimmune myositides and in acute renal failure. High level indicates damage

Question 44

Cardiac output

Answer 44

4-8 liters per minute

Question 45

INR

Answer 45

2-3 on warfarin/Coumadin Measures mean of PT clients PT divided by average PT.

Question 46

D-Dimer

Answer 46

0.43- 2.33 mcg/mL or 0-250 ng/ml. Measures hypercoagulabity of blood High- indicates clot formation has occurred

Question 47

CMP

Answer 47

Complete metabolic panel. Measures glucose, electrolytes, fluid balance, kidney function and liver function.

Question 48

GFR

Answer 48

90- 120 ml/min

Question 49

ICP (intracranial pressure)

Answer 49

5-15.

Question 50

BNP

Answer 50

Brain natriuretic peptide ``` Higher levels are an Indication of heart failure. 100-300 some HF is present Above 300 mild HF Above 600 moderate HF Above 900 severe ```

Question 51

Lactate

Answer 51

0.5-1.5